1. Higher History: Russia
The Structure of Russian Society

2. Learning Intentions This section of the course will cover:
How feudalism and autocracy worked in Tsarist Russia
The role of the Tsar
The role of the nobility
The role of the serfs and peasants

3. Lesson starter: Based on the last lesson, answer the following:
Russia had how many different nationalities?
Give 2 pieces of evidence that Russia was large

4. Terminology
Before beginning this unit, there are some terms you will have to become familiar with.
Autocracy
Feudalism
Serf
Peasant

5. Match a circle to a square
Serf
Peasant
A system used throughout Europe in the middle ages that involved the exchange of land for service of labour
People who worked the land
Autocracy
Government by a single person having unlimited power
People who are in effect owned by a Lord and have to work as required for him.
Feudalism

6. Task 2:
Using the handout given, explain how feudalism worked in Europe in the middle ages. I want a section on the role of
The king
The nobles
The peasants

7. So that was feudalism in medieval Europe, how did it work in Russia?
The next section of this lesson will look at how feudalism worked in Russia specifically.

8. The Tsar The role of the Tsar was set out in the Fundamental Laws
‘The Emperor of all the Russias is an autocratic and unlimited monarch. God commands that this supreme power be obeyed, our of conscience as well as fear’
Nicholas II 
THINK- difficulties in ruling ALONE?

9. So how did it work?
Tsars traditionally ruled with help of Nobility (any idea what the Nobles did?)
Stepped up under this Tsar, the Russian nobles were now ‘Lords’ and their sole role was to make sure taxes were paid by peasants.
BUT- Nobles/Lords had no political power.

10. Nineteenth century Russia.
Russia involved in the Napoleonic Wars
So some Nobles appointed Nobles as ‘Ministers of War’.

11. The Serfs Peasantry over 80%. Serfs until 1861.
Serfs worked the lands of their Lords.
Control was absolute (could be bought and sold even if it meant splitting up families)
Task 3: The text on the next slide is from Catherine the Great in What does it tell us about the rights of the Serfs
Why did the serfs not protest?

12. Catherine the Great
Should it so happen that serfs and peasants should cease to give proper obedience to their landlords, and should make bold to submit unlawful petition complainign about their lords, then both those who make the complaints and those who right up the petitions shall be flogged and deported to Nerchinsk to penal servitude for life

13. Nobility Why might the Nobles be worried about these statistics?
1. By the middle of the nineteenth century, there were twelve Civil Servants for every thousand people
2. When a noble dies, his land was sub divided among his sons

14. So think… Why would the Tsar want Russia to change?
Why would the Nobility want Russia to change?
Why would the Serfs want Russia to change?

15. Lesson 2: The Beginnings of Change: The growth of Russia’s cities

16. Who lived in the cities? Business classes- 1.5% Working classes- 4%
Generally the cities were backward! The Tsar imposed penalties on Serf’s being used in the cities
THINK- Why did he do this?
THINK- What negative impact could it have?

17. Structure of society?
You have now completed the section which looks at the Structure of Tsarist Russia. In essay 1, the question will ask you to assess the security of the Tsarist state before What you have learned so far would be one part of this essay (because there’s bits we haven’t done yet). Spend 10 minutes notetaking on the Geography, Social Classes and Nature of Government sections.

18. Questions
1. Is Tsarist Russia appealing? If so, why? If not, why not?