1. RESEARCH PROBLEMS AND HYPOTHESES
DISTINGUISH AMONG:
1. RESEARCH PROBLEM (PROBLEM STATEMENT)
2. RESEARCH QUESTION
3. HYPOTHESIS

2. RESEARCH PROBLEMS AND HYPOTHESES
1. RESEARCH PROBLEM (PROBLEM STATEMENT)
--- QUESTION ADDRESSED IN THE STUDY (WHY?)
MOST DIFFICULT & YET IMPORTANT TO STATE THIS CLEARLY & SUCCINCTLY.
3. HYPOTHESES
---CONVERTS A QUESTION INTO A DECLARATIVE STATEMENT WHICH PREDICTS AN EXPECTED OUTCOME.
2. QUESTION ADDRESSED IN STUDY (WHY?) -REPHRASES THE PROBLEM IN THE FORM OF A QUESTION.

3. RESEARCH PROBLEMS AND HYPOTHESES
DO ONLY INTELLIGENT PEOPLE GO TO UNIVERSITY?

4. RESEARCH PROBLEMS AND HYPOTHESES
2. RESEARCH QUESTION
---REPHRASES THE PROBLEM IN THE FORM OF A QUESTION.

5. RESEARCH PROBLEMS AND HYPOTHESES
DO ONLY STUDENTS WITH A HIGH I.Q. GO TO UNIVERSITY?
WHAT PREDICTS UNIVERSITY ADMISSION/ SUCCESS?

6. RESEARCH PROBLEMS AND HYPOTHESES
CONVERTS A QUESTION INTO A DECLARATIVE STATEMENT WHICH PREDICTS (DIRECTION) AN EXPECTED OUTCOME.

7. RESEARCH PROBLEMS AND HYPOTHESES
3b. NULL (STATISTICAL) HYPOTHESES
PHASES HYPOTHESIS IN TESTABLE FORMAT SO THAT NO RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT VARIABLES IS EXPECTED.

8. RESEARCH PROBLEMS AND HYPOTHESES
3b. NULL (STATISTICAL) HYPOTHESES
THERE WILL BE NO RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN I.Q. SCORES AS MEASURED BY THE STANFORD BINET I.Q.TEST AND ADMISSION TO UNIVERSITY.

9. STEPS IN REFINING RESEARCH PROBLEM
1. DEFINE SPECIFIC PROBLEM AREA (NOT TOO BROAD OR INCLUSIVE). THIS STEP IDENTIFIES INDEPENDENT & DEPENDENT VARIABLES.
DEPENDENT (TO BE PREDICTED)
INDEPENDENT (TO BE MANIPULATED)

10. STEPS IN REFINING RESEARCH PROBLEM
2. REVIEW RELEVANT SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE

11. STEPS IN REFINING RESEARCH PROBLEM
3. EXAMINE SIGNIFICANCE TO YOUR SITUATION/WORK

12. STEPS IN REFINING RESEARCH PROBLEM
4. EXAMINE FEASIBILITY (PILOT)

13. VARIABLE: PROPERTIES STUDIED IN RESEARCH
CHARACTERISTICS OF VARIABLE:
SEPARATE AND DISTINGUISHABLE FROM ONE ANOTHER
AGE, GENDER, WEIGHT, ANXIETY, STRESS

14. VARIABLE: PROPERTIES STUDIED IN RESEARCH
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE:
MANIPULATED BY RESEARCHER, INDICATED BY X
EFFECT OF GENDER ON ???

15. VARIABLE: PROPERTIES STUDIED IN RESEARCH
DEPENDENT VARIABLE:
NOT MANIPULATED, INDICATED BY Y
PRESUMED EFFECT VARIES WITH IMPACT OF INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
EFFECT OF GENDER ON ADIPOSITY DISTRIBUTION

16. VARIABLE: PROPERTIES STUDIED IN RESEARCH
PREDICTIONS FROM INDEPENDENT TO  DEPENDENT