1. The Positive Approach

2. Approach 5: The Positive Approach
5.1 assumptions
Approach 5: The Positive Approach

3. What is the Positive approach?
The positive approach is the most recently developed approach that we will study.
The positive approach thinks that psychology should not just focus on mental illness, but also look at the good qualities humans have and how they can be nurtured

4. 3 Assumptions of the positive approach
Acknowledgement of Free Will
Authenticity of Goodness and Excellence
Focus on “The Good Life”
These three things are different types of belief compared to the biological assumptions you studied last.
In pairs, discuss what “Free Will” “Authenticity” and “The Good Life” might mean

5. Assumption 1: Acknowledgement of Free Will
A free action is one that we make through our own choice, without being “determined” to do it by internal or external forces
Have you made a free choice to be here today?
What internal or external forces might be affecting you?

6. Assumption 1: Acknowledgement of Free Will
The other approaches we study would suggest that our behaviour is determined:
Behaviourists – behaviour is learnt from our environment
Psychodynamic – behaviour is determined by our childhood experience
Cognitive – behaviour is determined by thinking
Biological - ?????

7. Assumption 1: Acknowledgement of Free Will
The positive approach says we are self-directing and adaptive.
A good life can be achieved if we use our strengths and virtues.
Happiness does not depend on genes or luck
Happiness is recognising and developing our strengths to make our lives better and to minimise negativity

8. Assumption 1: Acknowledgement of Free Will
Free will is supported by Seligman and Diener (2002)
People who choose to invest time and effort into important relationships – friends and family – report high happiness levels
Negative correlation between happiness levels and depression.

9. Assumption 2: Authenticity of goodness and excellence
Happiness, goodness and excellence are natural human states
These states should get as much attention from psychologists as feelings of anxiety or stress
Seligman says we have “Signature strengths” such as kindness, humour and generosity which need to be developed so they can enhance (improve) our lives

10. Assumption 2: Authenticity of goodness and excellence
So instead of simply focusing on all the problems humans have (mental disorders and negative states of mind) we should also celebrate the good things about humans
This assumption changes the way some psychologists look at therapy:
Instead of fixing problems, they focus on developing a client’s strengths to help them feel fulfilled.

11. Assumption 2: Authenticity of goodness and excellence
They are encouraged to help others (altruism) or develop their own abilities
So, as a person’s self-esteem grows, they will develop strength to protect them from depression and other issues they might face in life.
By recognising their own good qualities, clients will learn that they can continue to grow in their ability to cope.

12. Assumption 3: Focus on “The Good Life”
Happiness is achieved through living a “good life”, which involves 3 things:
Positive connection to others – love, trust, enjoy happiness, forgiveness, spiritual connections with t6he self and others
Positive individual traits – integrity,
Morality, creativity, courage and humility

13. Assumption 3: Focus on “The Good Life”
Life Regulation qualities – these are qualities we need to regulate, monitor and control our behaviour in order to achieve our goal.
Examples – a sense of autonomy, independence, faith in our decision-making and wisdom.

14. Assumption 3: Focus on “The Good Life”
Seligman says we should aim high in life to be truly happy:
Not just a Pleasant life (pursuing good feelings)
Not just a Good life (pursuing interesting activities)
But a Meaningful life – living for a purpose greater than oneself

15. Explaining relationships
Without looking at the book, how could the positive approach apply to human relationships?
Friendships
Romantic relationships
Sibling relationships
Parent/child relationships
Pet/Owner relationships

16. Exam note
Make a note of the Exam Corner box on pg 91. Be clear about what you need to know and what sort of questions you might be asked.
You might be asked general questions, to describe one or more assumptions.
You might be asked to describe a specific assumption
You might be asked to apply an assumption to explain the formation of a type of relationship

17. Home Learning
Describe 3 assumptions of the Biological Approach [12] (3x4 marks)
Follow the SEE structure at the top of page 11
Page 104: more practice questions
Assumptions True/False