1. International Business Prof. Vijay P. Singh
Intercultural Management

2. Intercultural Management
Business with the Americans

3. Business with the Americans
Smartness is very important.
While making presentations in front of an American audience it is necessary that the presentations is well prepared and well rehearsed.
Americans like to use superlative words like the “best”, the “greatest”, the “finest” and “incredible”. Any one dealing with them may also use similar language.
American have a fetish for quantifications of all the facts and figures. Therefore, present any business project and proposal along with statistics, measures, numbers, chart, graphs and other quantifications aids.
While dealing with American, be clear about the Schedules and specific dates. Be clear about the roles of both parties i.e. their responsibilities, authorities and resources.
Be clear in any communications.
All the business have to be with written contracts. Contract have to be clear and transparent in order to avoid any misunderstanding or confusions. Therefore, write the contract very clearly and comprehensively and also read the contract prepared by them very carefully. Understand the implications of various words, phrases and terms and conditions. .

4. Business with the Americans
Connections, relationship and contract do not have the same meaning and weightage in America as in India or other Asian Countries.
While talking to an American, look into the eyes. Eyes contact is very important. If that is lacking then they surmise that there is lack of interest.
American do come prepared for the meeting with lot of information.
Americans, business matters spill over from the desk to the coffee table, from there to the lunch or dinner table or to the golf course. They are comfortable in combining business with pleasure activities.
Americans do not believe in permanency of relationship like some of the Asian and Latin American countries. They only have business relationship.

5. Business with Europeans
European do not like loud people. It would be better to be subdued.
It is better to be formal in Europe.
Europeans are more qualitative people than Americans. Quality of Products and services is very important for them.

6. Business with Europeans
Punctuality is very important. European would always make prior appointments.
Europeans like Intellectual Pursuits in addition to the mundane business.

7. Business with Japanese
Japanese are very orderly people. Every thing has to be done in a methodical way.
Japanese believe in organizational hierarchy. Therefore, while negotiating business with the Japanese it is essential to formally contact the right person.
Japanese people, generally believe in long-term associations.
Japanese have an obsession toward cleanliness. Therefore, while dealing with them, the dress, the office, the surroundings, the actions during the meeting should project cleanliness.

8. Business with the Japanese
Japanese get persuaded by long-term business associates. Therefore, maintaining long-term relationship with them has its own special advantages.
When the Japanese discuss business, one person- the Head of the delegation-speaks, the others supply information or assist him. Indians, on the contrary have a tendency of a number of people speaking at the same time. So, kindly follow the Japanese styles.
Exchange of visiting cards is an important process and should not be hurried. One should take time to read each visiting card carefully. Putting the visiting card in one’s pocket hurriedly may offend the person who gave the card and also the group.

9. Business with the Japanese
During any interaction do not make a Japanese partner or counterpart lose face. Japanese are very sensitive to what other think of them.
Personal relationship are very important for the Japanese. Business relationship should be cemented by social relationship.
Japanese executives typically have a large budget for entertaining a guest in town. They may expect a similarly grand entertainment when they are on business overseas.

10. Business with the Arabs
Arab has huge sense of honour. Shame is a terrible thing to happen to an Arab. At all cost it must be avoided.
Being relationship oriented, socialization in business is common, but business deals are not supposed to be discussed at social occasions.
Arabs would generally use flowery language in all their communications. They are not direct in their communications.
Arabs are always optimistic. This is very encouraging in doing business with them
Women are almost always excluded from any Business transactions.
Arabs are very sensitive people. Foreign businessmen have to be careful while dealing with them.

11. Ice Berg Theory of Cultural

12. Cultural Environment
Ice Berg theory of Cultures

13. Ice Berg theory of Cultures
Artifacts: These are visible behaviors, clothing, arts, buildings and so on
Values: These are invisible rules just under the surface that causes artifacts
Assumptions: These are well below the surface but causes values and artifacts and can sink your ship

14. Ethics in International Business
Manager as Agents
Friedman theory
Teleological Perspective theory
Deontological Perspective Theory

15. Inter-cultural Management