Louisiana's Physical and Cultural Geography

Louisiana's Physical and Cultural Geography
Unit 1 Louisiana's Physical and Cultural Geography

Lessons 1-3 Objectives I can use time zones in the United States or the International Date Line to I can interpret a map or representation of a globe and calculate current times in different places? I can locate major landforms and geographic features, places, and bodies of water/waterways on a map of Louisiana? I can students construct a map based on narrative information? I can students construct a chart or diagram to display geographical information in an organized way? I can describe and analyze the distinguishing physical and/or human characteristics of Louisiana regions? I can describe ways in which location and physical features have influenced historical events in Louisiana and the development of the state? I can explain how or why specific regions are changing as a result of physical phenomena? I can identify and describe factors that cause a Louisiana region to change?

Lesson 1 Basic Map Skills

Lesson 1: Basic Map Skills
Recognize basic parts of a map Understand basic map skills—longitude, latitude, scale, etc. Examine different geographical features of Louisiana

What’s on a map? Maps have a lot of information.
You need to know how to read them. There are several parts to a map which explain details and help you really see where you are and where you're going.

Parts of a map Legend Compass Rose Cardinal Directions Scale

Legend Help you decode the symbols used on a map. Also called a key.
The “clues” on this map include symbols for parts of a fairground.

Compass Rose The compass rose shows the cardinal directions on a map: north, south, east, and west.

Scale The scale helps you measure the distance between two places. When you know the distance you can calculate how long the trip will take.

Types of Maps Some Types of Maps are: Political –shows boundaries, states, countries, that are man made Reference Physical –shows natural features, i.e., water, landforms, etc. Historical Economic Road map

Location Location and distance are stated using a system known as latitude and longitude. Two Types: absolute location for a place is the exact spot on the earth’s surface where a place is found. The line of latitude is always read first followed by the line of longitude. Relative location: explains where a place is in relation to another place or places.

Latitude Parallels measure a location’s distance N or S. of the equator and run from E to W. Latitude is measured in degrees from 0 to 90. Famous line of latitude is the equator and it is 0 degrees. It runs around the center of the earth and divides the earth in half.

The tropic of Cancer and Capricorn got their names thousands of years ago due to the sun’s position in relation to the Earth at two different times of the year. (winter and summer)

Longitude Meridians measure a location’s distance E or W of the prime meridian and run from N to S. Longitude is measured in degrees from 0 to 180. Famous line of longitude is the Prime Meridian and it is 0 degrees. It runs around the center of the earth through Greenwich, England and divides the earth in half.

Time Zones Earth has 24 time zones. United States has six.
Pacific, Mountain, Central and Eastern are the four time zones in the contiguous (connected) United States.

The earth rotates on its axis once every 24 hours
The earth rotates on its axis once every 24 hours. For this reason, the earth is divided into 24 standard time zones, one time zone for each hour in the day. The earth rotates towards the east, which means that if you cross into the next time zone to the east, it is one hour later. If you cross into the next time zone in the west, it is one hour earlier.

The International Date Line plays an important role in time zones
The International Date Line plays an important role in time zones. It is located at 180 degrees longitude. If you are standing on the east side of the International Date Line it is one day (Monday); however, on the west side, it is a day ahead (Tuesday). Louisiana (LA) is in the central time zone. Add an hour as you move east. Subtract an hour as you move west.

Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography

Add an hour as you move east
Subtract an hour as you move west

Lets Review “What's your zone”

Create a time zone question for a partner, switch questions and see if they get the correct answer. 2 minutes go! (you can use loose leaf) Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography

Lesson 1 Closure Objective: Can students use time zones in the United States or the International Date Line to Interpret a map or representation of a globe and calculate current times in different places? Did we meet the objective for today? I can locate major landforms and geographic features, places, and bodies of water/waterways on a map of Louisiana? I can construct a map based on narrative information?

Louisiana’s Geography

States that border LA Mississippi—East (33ْ N) Texas—West (94ْ W)
Arkansas—North (33ْ N)

Waterways that border LA
East Upper east--MS River Lower east-- Pearl River West Toledo Bend Sabine River South Gulf of Mexico

Pangaea

Gulf Coastal Plain During the Ice Age, much of the world’s water was trapped in glaciers. Ocean levels were about 400 feet lower than today. The glaciers froze and melted several times. As the glaciers melted, the Mississippi River flooded the Louisiana coastline. Mississippi River deposited sediment into the Gulf of Mexico, filling in part of it. Sediment: suspended particles of dirt and sand carried by rivers Coastal plains developed. Coastal plain: relatively low flat region built up by river sediment Continental shelf: the edge of landmass where the Gulf’s floor drops off into very deep water The Gulf Coastal Plain is formed of layers of river sediment. Louisiana lies entirely on the Gulf Coastal Plain.

Gulf Coastal Plain Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography

Go to prezi/youtube video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gc8_I_9Bdbs
Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography

Lesson 2 Rivers and Coastal Erosion Objectives
Appreciate the geography of Louisiana Identify problems/ propose solutions for Louisiana’s wetlands and coast Understand the impact of natural disasters on Louisiana and the effects of them

Rivers Floodplains Deltas
Rivers’ sediment creates the land. Rivers’ movement shapes the land. Floodplains A floodplain is a low flat valley with swamps, lakes and deciduous trees. It also serves as a reservoir to hold excess water when the river floods. Deltas Formed when a river flows into an ocean Mississippi Delta: where the river enters the Gulf of Mexico

Coastal Marshes Wet grasslands formed by river sediment deposited along the coast. Freshwater, saltwater, or brackish (mixture) depending on nearness to the ocean.

Causes of Coastal Erosion
One of Louisiana’s biggest ecological problems More than 35 square miles of land is lost each year. Going…Going…Gone? Causes of Coastal Erosion As the river abandons its original delta, sediment no longer rebuilds the coastline. Pounding waves and severe storms accelerate erosion. Global warming causes ocean levels to rise, which causes coastal marshes to disappear. Levee systems force sediment into the deep waters of the Gulf, where it cannot settle and rebuild the coastlines.

Coastal Area At Risk

Human Interference Damaging Practices
Dammed rivers create reservoirs that trap the sediment that would otherwise refresh the marshland. The search for oil involves the construction of pipelines and canals that allow saltwater intrusion, which kills the marsh grasses that hold soil in place. Marshlands may sink because of vast holes created by underground drilling for oil and/or salt. Preservation Measures Grasses are being planted to keep soil intact. Sand is pumped onto barrier islands to reinforce them.

What are wetlands? Wetlands- swamps, marsh, and other areas that have a natural supply of water and are covered or soaked with water at least part of the year.

Uses of LA’s wetlands Recreational opportunities Thriving habitats
Wildlife pantry Water filter (maintains water quality) Storm buffer/controls flooding Economic resource Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography

Problems facing LA Wetlands
Coastal Erosion Flooding Natural Causes: subsidence, wave erosion, salt water intrusion, sea level rising, tropical storms/hurricanes Human Causes: because of our ever-increasing population, humans have eliminated or converted millions of acres of wetlands for other uses. We drain wetlands to create more land for agriculture and urban development. Louisiana’s wetlands are disappearing at a rate of one football field EVERY 30 MINUTES

Louisiana animals are losing their habitat.

What can we do to help? Conservation Regulate Use Restoration Projects
Get Involved! Save Water (reduced amount of water going through sewage treatment plants) Dispose of household products, pesticides, and other chemicals carefully Help to control soil erosion (reduce hard surfaces around your home) Recycle your Christmas Trees! Conservation Regulate Use Restoration Projects (EX: replanting marsh grasses)

Closure Lesson 2 Can students describe and analyze the distinguishing physical and/or human characteristics of Louisiana regions? Can students describe ways in which location and physical features have influenced historical events in Louisiana and the development of the state? Can students explain how or why specific regions are changing as a result of physical phenomena? Can students identify and describe factors that cause a Louisiana region to change?

Lesson 3 Louisiana’s Natural Resources
Appreciate the natural resources found in Louisiana Identify Louisiana’s natural resources and locate them on a map

Louisiana’s Natural Resources
Mississippi delta is rich with natural resources. Sulphur: Closely associated with salt domes Used to make acids, fertilizer, rubber, paper, and other products One of Louisiana’s important minerals Oil: Oil production has been the most important part of our economy for many years. Coal: Created when organic material is compressed by layers of sediment

Physical and Cultural Geography
Geography: the study of places, their locations, and their physical and human characteristics Physical geography: the study of landforms, oceans, weather, and climate Cultural geography: the study of how people have interacted with, changed, and adapted to different places on the earth Louisiana’s physical geography has shaped its cultural geography.

Geographic Location Southern or southeastern part of the country
Resembles a boot Florida Parishes stretch from Baton Rouge to Hammond to Bogalusa Of the 50 states, LA ranks 31st in size 3,600 square miles of water (1/4 of the state is wet)

Boundaries Four natural boundaries: Three artificial boundaries:
Mississippi River to the east Pearl River to the east Gulf of Mexico to the south Sabine River to the west Three artificial boundaries: 33 north latitude: Separates Louisiana and Arkansas 31 north latitude: Separates the Florida Parishes from Mississippi 94 west longitude: Separates Louisiana from Texas

Louisiana’s Boundaries

Closure: How did we meet our daily objectives?
. Can students describe and analyze the distinguishing physical and/or human characteristics of Louisiana regions? . Can students construct a chart or diagram to display geographical information in an organized way?

Unit 1 Lessons 4-6 Louisiana Regions

Lesson 4: Louisiana Regions
Natural Land Regions Determined by climate, soil, vegetation, and relief Relief: the difference in elevation between the highest and lowest points of area Flat land = low relief Hilly land = high relief Three natural regions: Coastal Marshes Floodplains Uplands Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography

Louisiana’s Natural Regions

Coastal Marshes Louisiana Gulf Coast is mostly coastal marshes.
Vegetation is grasses and other plants; trees are uncommon. Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography

Floodplains Low, flat valleys through which a river flows
Has Swamps, sloughs, bayous, and lakes Rich, fertile land, which is good for agriculture

Mississippi Floodplain
Level land along MS River subject to flooding Alluvial & fertile soil Valuable agricultural crops SWAMPS = flooded forests Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography

Uplands Highest elevation in the state
Driskill Mountain, the highest point in the state, is 535 feet above sea level. Piney Hills (largest upland area) Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography

Hurricane/flooding Evacuation
Louisiana Hurricane/flooding evacuation route writing activity Reason: I need a Hurricane Evacuation Plan because I live in Louisiana. Preparation Family We need to get to Safe Place Hurricanes/flooding can be disastrous in Louisiana. Closing Sentence: I want to make sure I am fully prepared for a category 5 hurricane, my family is safe, and we have a safe location we can evacuate to for an extended period of time.

Put your route in Chronological Order First Second Third Fourth Fifth
Evacuation Route Put your route in Chronological Order First Second Third Fourth Fifth

Chronological Order Of Route First: Leave Baton Rouge, make sure house is secure, valuables are up high and locked. Second: Leave Baton Rouge via I-10/I-12 East; bring essentials: water, nonperishable's; make sure car has a full tank of gas. Third: Head towards Atlanta, GA, starting on I-10/I-12E until you hit I-65N crossing into Georgia. Fourth: Stay in Atlanta, GA with aunt/uncle OR college friend(s) until it is safe to come home. Fifth: If Atlanta is not safe, I would attempt to clarify this information previously and either A) travel with one of my roommates outside of Baton Rouge or B) head to Dallas to stay with one of my brothers friends from the Marines.

Lesson 5 Louisiana Water ways
Unit 1 Lesson 5 Louisiana Water ways Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography

Lesson 5: Louisiana Waterways Rivers and Bayous
Our many waterways make our state: Productive Famous Mysterious Home to a unique ecosystem Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography

Louisiana’s Waterways Which body of water does the Miss
Louisiana’s Waterways Which body of water does the Miss. River empty into? Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography

Mississippi River Main artery of Louisiana
Second largest river in the United States-(begins in Minnesota and ends in the Gulf) Fourth largest river in the world Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography

Mississippi River Drainage Basin

Red River Second longest river in Louisiana
High salt content because it flows over an underground salt dome Only major river in Louisiana that has white water rapids Rapides Parish (French for rapids)

Atchafalaya River and Basin
Longest distributary (branch of a river that flows away from the main stream) of the Mississippi River Half of all the nation’s migratory birds migrate to the Atchafalaya. Basin supplies the world with 23 million pounds of crawfish a year.

Ouachita River Begins in the mountains of Arkansas and runs through northeast Louisiana Regulated by a series of locks that allow commercial barge traffic to travel to Arkansas

The Sabine, Pearl, and Calcasieu Rivers
The Sabine River forms the western border between Texas and Louisiana. The Pearl River forms the lower eastern border between Mississippi and the toe of the Louisiana boot. The Calcasieu River lies within the state and is often used for transportation.

Bayou Teche Joins the Atchafalaya near the Gulf of Mexico
The Acadians (Cajuns) settled along its banks.

Gulf Intracoastal Waterway
The 3,000-mile Gulf Intracoastal Waterway allows ships to travel from Texas to Florida without sailing into the Gulf. Why might ships travel the Intracoastal route as opposed to the Gulf of Mexico?

The Gulf of Mexico Fifth largest sea in the world
Covers almost 600,000 square miles Warm waters affect Louisiana’s climate and economy. Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography

Closure: Lets Talk About It
Label key rivers in Louisiana (L1) Analyze city growth along the rivers (L4) Explain why cities exist in close proximately to the rivers (1) Draw Conclusions about why cities flourished along major road ways

Lesson 6: Controlling Louisiana's Rivers

Levee System How has the levee system improved? Do you think it will work to keep flood waters out? Why or why not?

Controlling Louisianas Rivers
Levees Old River Control Structure Log Jams Spillways Locks and Dams

Flood of 1927 Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography

Levees Built along both sides of a river
Earliest ones built by the French in the 1700s. Raised sides keep water inside the channel, protecting the land outside the levee from flooding. If too much water is confined during heavy rains, the levee can break and flood the surrounding land. This is what happened in New Orleans during Hurricane Katrina. Prevents sediment from depositing along the coast, contributing to coastal erosion. Why is that a problem?

Old River Control Structure
Channels half of the Mississippi River’s water and all of the Red River’s water into the Atchafalaya River Kept the Mississippi River from changing courses

Bonnet Carré and Morganza Spillways
Bonnet Carré is on the east bank of the Mississippi, upstream from New Orleans. Morganza is on the west bank of the Mississippi, upstream from Baton Rouge. During floods, one-quarter of the Mississippi’s water can be diverted through the spillway into Lake Pontchartrain. Morganza protects the levee system by diverting water out of the Mississippi into the Atchafalaya Basin. It relieves pressure on the state’s levee system.

Spillway Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography

Closure: Lets Review Identify different Louisiana waterways, how they are formed, how they are used. (1) Can you infer based on what you know about levees why they are important to Louisiana? Why are they such a problem? (2) Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography

Lesson 7: Climate of Louisiana
Recognize that Louisiana has a humid subtropical climate Identify the characteristics of a humid subtropical climate Compare and contrast the seasons in Louisiana Understand the impact that natural disasters can/have had on Louisiana Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography

What type of climate does Louisiana have? Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography

Climate Weather is temperature, wind, and rain on a daily basis Climate is the long-term weather pattern in a region. Climate is affected by latitude, altitude, and nearness to large land masses or large bodies of water. The state’s southern latitude and nearness to the Gulf of Mexico gives the state a warm, stable climate Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography

Humid Subtropical Climate
Hot summers, mild winters, and abundant precipitation Favorable to tourism and agriculture Lower winter energy costs can help make operating a business, school, or agency less expensive. Certain plants and animals thrive in this climate. Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography

Hurricane Ratings and Formation
Hurricanes start in the moist air over warm waters, such as the Gulf of Mexico or the Atlantic Ocean. Hurricane season is June 1 through November 30. Severity is rated on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. Categories range from 1 to 5 depending on the storm’s severity Category 1: wind speeds are miles per hour Category 5: winds over 155 mph Southeastern Louisiana gets hit most often Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography

Storm Surge Most dangerous part of a hurricane Ocean water rises several feet higher than normal High winds push the wall of water onshore Can reach as high as 20 feet Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography

Katrina and Rita New Orleans is vulnerable to hurricanes because it is below sea level and depends on the levees to protect it. August 2005: Katrina’s rain caused the levees to break; water poured into the city. Approximately 1,000 people were killed, 1 million people lost homes, and the city suffered more than $100 billion in damages. Rita hit the Gulf a few weeks later, flooding New Orleans and the surrounding parishes a second time. Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography

Flooding from Hurricane Katrina Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography

Recognize that Louisiana has a humid subtropical climate Identify the characteristics of a humid subtropical climate Understand the impact that natural disasters can/have had on Louisiana Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography

Lesson 8: Populations Compare U.S., state, and parish statistics Identify cultural regions in Louisiana by creating a chart Understand how growth rate and population trends have changed over time Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography

Growth Rates Louisiana attracts fewer immigrants than any other state. Growth rate is 5.9% (1/2 the national average). Birth rate is dropping. Population is aging. Louisiana offers few jobs in high-tech industries; difficult times in the oil and gas industries have caused additional job loss. This has a negative impact on the state’s economy and the quality of education and services that can be provided to Louisiana’s citizens. Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography

Population Density Definition: The average number of people living per square mile. Average population density in LA is 103 people per square mile. Average population density without New Orleans is 66 people per square mile. Average population density in the U.S. is 79 people per square mile. Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography

Population Distribution by Race: 2010
The White alone population, accounted for 75% of all people living in the U.S. •The Black or African American alone population was 12% of the total. •Both the American Indian and Alaska Native alone and the Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander alone populations represented less than 1% of the total population. •Approximately 4% of respondents indicated that they were Asian only. •The smallest group was the Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander alone population which represented 0.1% of the population. •Almost 6% of all respondents indicated that they were Some other race, •while 6.8 million, or 2% of all respondents reported two or more races. •In Census 2000, nearly all respondents reported only one race. Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography

Cultural Regions South Louisiana Strong French culture Catholic Church is prominent Traditional Cajun foods, architecture, and music remain popular North Louisiana and the Florida Parishes More like other parts of the Deep South Settled by English-speaking Protestants Little French influence is evident Western Louisiana Spanish cultural influences dating back to settlers who began arriving in the 1700s Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography

Compare U.S., state, and parish statistics Identify cultural regions in Louisiana by creating a chart Understand how growth rate and population trends have changed over time Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography

Lesson 9: Culture of Louisiana
Identify culture and what makes up Louisiana’s culture Identify push and pull factors of immigrants Appreciate the diversity of Louisiana’s people Describe one or more influences the selected groups have had on Louisiana’s cultural tapestry Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography

Louisiana’s State Flag
Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography

State Motto Union, Justice and Confidence Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography

Cultural Influences Festivals—Mardi Gras Voodoo, African/West Indies Cajun/Creole cooking Cajun Language Music—Jazz, gospel, zydeco music Religions Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography

What is Culture? Culture: the way of life of a group of people. Includes: religion music food clothing language architecture art literature games sports Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography

Religion 1st European religion in Louisiana was Roman Catholic France and Spain were Catholic countries After Louisiana Purchase in 1803, members of Protestant religions moved into the area Methodists, Baptists, and Presbyterians later joined by others such as Lutherans More recently - Jews, Buddhists, and Muslims Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography

Music New Orleans is the birthplace of Jazz Jazz has spread all over the globe as an ambassador for Louisiana culture Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography

Food Louisiana has a world-class seafood industry –crawfish, crab, and shrimp Cajun and Creole foods are associated with South Louisiana Louisiana foods and recipes have spread across the world Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography Click here to return to Main Menu.

Louisiana’s People Ethnic Groups Ethnic group: people who share common traditions, beliefs, & patterns of living These patterns include language, religion, customs, & food. People of Louisiana more diverse than some tourists expect Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography

Acadians French Canadians migrated from present day Nova Scotia (Canada) to Louisiana in the 18th century The word Cajun came from the French word Acadianne or “people of Acadia” 22 parishes form this triangle of Cajun culture Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography

African Americans Came first as slaves to colonial Louisiana from West Africa Others came from the French colonies of the West Indies Gumbo is a gift from these Wolof & Bambara people Creoles were gnes de couleur libre or free people of color St. Landry Parish home to several large Creole communities Speak French and are known for Zydeco music Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography

American Indians Descendants of the earliest residents Have land and tribal headquarters in several parts of the state Chitimacha, Choctaw, Coushatta, Tunica-Biloxi, & Houma are the primary tribes remaining in LA Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography

Anglos Anglo culture developed in the British colonies on the eastern coast of the United States Includes English-speaking heritage of the Scots-Irish Religion is Protestant Culture is described as lowland South Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography

Germans Immigrated to Louisiana during early colonial years German language soon blended with the dominant French culture Creation of Robert’s Cove Elements of German heritage remain December 6th religious feast of St. Nicholas goes from house to house Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography

Hispanics Isleños (LAY nyos) means “islanders” Descended from Canary Islanders while Louisiana was a Spanish colony Reside in St. Bernard Parish Speak the Spanish dialect & sing those songs called decimas Most recent Hispanics come from Mexico Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography

Italians Large group of immigrants arrived in the 19th century Largest group lives in Independence in Tangipahoa Parish Contributed a custom known as St. Joseph’s Altar Brought from Sicily & includes a feast for friends & families Visitors are given a dried fava bean for good luck Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography

Other Ethnic Groups Croatians from the coast of the Adriatic Sea Descendants live in Plaquemines Parish Share region with Filipino immigrants. Vietnamese have come to the wetlands Chinese came during the 19th century Czechs in Rapides Parish & Hungarian in Livingston Parish Arabs, Greeks, & natives of India Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography

Families Tradition of family reunions continues & grows Traditions of the past combine with the customs of today Music, food, clothing, language, games, & sports blend into the cultural picture of Louisiana Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography Click here to return to Main Menu.

Identify culture and what makes up Louisiana’s culture Identify push and pull factors of immigrants Appreciate the diversity of Louisiana’s people Describe one or more influences the selected groups have had on Louisiana’s cultural tapestry Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography

Louisiana's Physical and Cultural Geography

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