1. Presented by Fatima Rehman

3. Definition  A figure of speech is a departure from ordinary form of expression, or the ordinary course of ideas in order to produce a great effect.  A figure of speech is a word or phrase that has a meaning other than the literal meaningfigure of speech  Example: Life is a journey.

4. SimileHyperboleImageryIronyPersonificationMetaphorAlliterationApostrophePun

5. OnomatopoeiaOxymoronParadoxClimaxMetonymyEuphemismAntithesisSynecdocheAnticlimax

6. Simile and Metaphor In Simile a comparison is made between two objects of different kinds by using “like” or “as”. Life is as tedious as a twice told tale. Metaphor is a comparison between two objects. It does not like simile state that one thing is like another, but take for granted and proceeds as two things are one. The camel is the ship of desert.

7. Difference between simile and metaphor Metaphor is the broader term. In a literary sense metaphor is a rhetorical device that transfers the sense or aspects of one word to another. For example: The moon was a ghostly galleon tossed upon cloudy seas. — “The Highwayman,” Alfred Noyes Here the moon is being compared to a sailing ship. The clouds are being compared to ocean waves. This is an apt comparison because sometimes banks of clouds shuttling past the moon cause the moon to appear to be moving and roiling clouds resemble churning water. A simile is a type of metaphor in which the comparison is made with the use of the word like or its equivalent

8. Irony and Paradox Irony is a figure of speech which depicts contradiction, that is the opposite of what is meant. It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.” The water is as pure and transparent as the mud. A paradox is a figure of speech in which a statement appears to contradict itself

9. You can save money by spending it. I know one thing; that I know nothing.

10. Difference between Irony and Paradox Irony is, in the broadest possible sense, when the intended meaning of something contradicts the actual meaning (e.g. a sarcastic 'Yeah, right') A paradox is a statement that presents a logically impossible scenario (e.g. a square circle)

11. Hyperbole and Onomatopoeia It is an exaggeration in literature which is used to express humor and emphasize interesting and vibrant images. The leaves danced in summer breeze. Onomatopoeia is a word which imitates a noise or an action. Sounds associated with objects. “The burning wood hissed and crackled” or words like: clap, boom, or zap.

12. Euphemism It consists in description of a disagreeable thing by an agreeable name. He has fallen asleep (he is dead)

13. Oxymoron and Antithesis In Antithesis a striking opposition or contrast of words or sentiments is made in the same sentence. Man proposes, god disposes Oxymoron is a special form of antithesis, whereby two contradictory qualities are predicted at once of the same thing. His honor rooted in dishonor stood.

14. Difference between antithesis and oxymoron The word antithesis can be used in a rhetoric context. When someone's makes a point that's a thesis. A counterargument is its antithesis. When this leads to a conclusion reconciling both statements that's a synthesis. Example: Thesis: Mammals can't lay eggs. Antithesis: You're wrong. Monodramas can lay eggs: the platypus and the echidna. An oxymoron is a figure of speech containing two words with an opposite meaning. E.g.: bittersweet, a modern classic, virtual reality, awfully good.

15. Pun and Alliteration Pun is a type of word play where one word has two meanings. It gives humorous effect. Dieting is a matter of life and death. When two or more words in a poem begin with the same letter or sound. My Mom, made me me

16. Metonymy and Synecdoche In Metonymy ( change of name) an object is designated by the name of something which is generally associated with it. The crown, for kings. In Synecdoche a part is used to designate the whole or the whole is used to designate the part. Give us this day our daily bread ( food) England (the English cricket eleven) won the first prize.

17. Climax and Anti climax Climax is a figure of speech in which successive words, phrases, clauses, or sentences are arranged in ascending order of importance.figure of speech "Look! Up in the sky! It's a bird! It's a plane! It's Superman!“ Anticlimax refers to a figure of speech in which statements gradually descend in order of importance. Unlike climax, anticlimax is the arrangement of a series of words, phrases, or clauses in order of decreasing importance.climax She is a great writer, a mother and a good humorist.

18. Assonance in poetry, the repetition of the sound of a vowel or diphthong in nonrhyming stressed syllables near enough to each other for the echo to be discernible (e.g., penitence, reticence ).

19. Personification In personification inanimate objects and abstract notions are spoken of as having life and intelligence. Pride goes forth on horseback, grand and gay.

20. Apostrophe An apostrophe is direct address to the dead, to the absent, or to a personified idea or object. O friend I know not which way I must look. Jane Taylor uses apostrophe in the well-known nursery rhyme “The Star”:rhyme “Twinkle, twinkle, little star, How I wonder what you are. Up above the world so high, Like a diamond in the sky.”

21. Symbolism Symbolism is the use of symbols to signify ideas and qualities, by giving them symbolic meanings that are different from their literal sense. Ching Chua gave his wife a red rose. (In Chinese culture, the color red symbolizes property and happiness.) Rebels raised a white flag to negotiate. (During war, the color white symbolizes making peace with the enemy. Otherwise, it represents purity and life.)

22. ALLUSION a reference to some historical or literary event or person that has striking resemblance to the subject under discussion. Allusion is used often in prose. We live under the nuclear sword of Damocles.” “He is a Romeo to every girl he meets.” “When he met her, he met his Waterloo.”

23. Identify the figures of speech used in following sentences. 1. The Red Cross is working around the world. 2. Death lays his icy hand on kings. 3. You are telling me a fairy tale. 4. To err is human, to forgive divine. 5. So innocent arch, so cunningly simple. 6. A fleet of fifty sail (ships) left the harbor. 7. Is Life Worth Living? It depends upon the liver. 8. “Oh! Stars and clouds and winds, ye are all about to mock me; if ye really pity me, crush sensation and memory. 9. "There are three things that will endure: faith, hope, and love. But the greatest of these is love.“ 10. Life is dream.

24. Answers 1. Symbolism. 2. Personification. 3. Euphemism. 4. Antithesis. 5. Oxymoron. 6. Synecdoche. 7. Pun 8. Apostrophe. 9. Climax. 10. Metaphor.