1. Exploration of Poetry AP Poetry Unit

2. Aspects of Poetry Voice Voice Tone Tone Diction Diction Syntax Syntax Imagery Imagery Figures of Speech Figures of Speech Sound effects Sound effects Rhythm Rhythm

3. TPCASTT Title Title Paraphrase Paraphrase Connotation/Diction Connotation/Diction Attitude/Tone Attitude/Tone Syntax Syntax Theme Theme Title again Title again

4. Figures of Speech in poetry Language is either literal or figurative. Figurative language is when we mean something other than the actual meaning. Language is either literal or figurative. Figurative language is when we mean something other than the actual meaning. Rhetoricians have 250 different figures of speech. Rhetoricians have 250 different figures of speech.

5. Figures of Speech Metaphor – makes a direct comparison of unlike objects by identification or substitution Metaphor – makes a direct comparison of unlike objects by identification or substitution Simile – a direct comparison of two unlike objects using like or as – established comparison explicitly where the metaphor is implied. Simile – a direct comparison of two unlike objects using like or as – established comparison explicitly where the metaphor is implied. Conceit – an extended metaphor comparing two unlike objects with powerful effect Conceit – an extended metaphor comparing two unlike objects with powerful effect

6. Figures of Speech Personification – endowing inanimate objects or abstract concepts with animate characteristics or qualities Personification – endowing inanimate objects or abstract concepts with animate characteristics or qualities Apostrophe – an address to a person or personified object not present Apostrophe – an address to a person or personified object not present Extended figure – a fos (metaphor, simile, personification, apostrophe) sustained or developed through a considerable number of lines or through a whole poem Extended figure – a fos (metaphor, simile, personification, apostrophe) sustained or developed through a considerable number of lines or through a whole poem

7. Figures of Speech Metonymy – the substitution of a word that relates to the object or person to be named, in place of the name itself. Substituting an attribute of a thing for the thing itself Metonymy – the substitution of a word that relates to the object or person to be named, in place of the name itself. Substituting an attribute of a thing for the thing itself Synecdoche – using a part to signify the whole, a part represents the whole object or idea Synecdoche – using a part to signify the whole, a part represents the whole object or idea

8. Figures of Speech Hyperbole – gross exaggeration for effect Hyperbole – gross exaggeration for effect Litotes – a form of understatement in which the negative of an antonym is used to achieve emphasis and intensity Litotes – a form of understatement in which the negative of an antonym is used to achieve emphasis and intensity

9. Figures of Speech - Irony Irony – contrast between actual meaning and the suggestion of another meaning Irony – contrast between actual meaning and the suggestion of another meaning Verbal irony – meaning one thing and saying another Verbal irony – meaning one thing and saying another Dramatic irony – two levels of meaning what the speaker says and what he means. What the speaker says and what the author means Dramatic irony – two levels of meaning what the speaker says and what he means. What the speaker says and what the author means Situational irony – when the reality of the situation differs from the anticipated or intended effect; when something unexpected occurs. Situational irony – when the reality of the situation differs from the anticipated or intended effect; when something unexpected occurs.

10. FOS - Symbolism Symbolism – object or action that means more than itself – beyond itself. Use of one subject to suggest another hidden object or idea. Meaning of a symbol whether an object, action, gesture is controlled by its context. Symbolism – object or action that means more than itself – beyond itself. Use of one subject to suggest another hidden object or idea. Meaning of a symbol whether an object, action, gesture is controlled by its context.

11. How to tell a symbol????? Is the object, action, gesture, or event important to the poem? Is it described in detail? Does it occur repeatedly? Does it appear at a climatic moment? Is the object, action, gesture, or event important to the poem? Is it described in detail? Does it occur repeatedly? Does it appear at a climatic moment? Does the poem seem to warrant our granting its details more significance than their immediate literal meaning Does the poem seem to warrant our granting its details more significance than their immediate literal meaning Does the symbolic reading make sense? Does it account for literal details without ignoring or distorting them? Does the symbolic reading make sense? Does it account for literal details without ignoring or distorting them?

12. Figures of Speech Imagery – the use of words to represent things, actions, or ideas by sensory description Imagery – the use of words to represent things, actions, or ideas by sensory description Paradox – a statement that appears self – contradictory, but that underlines a basis of truth Paradox – a statement that appears self – contradictory, but that underlines a basis of truth Oxymoron – contradictory terms brought together to express a paradox for strong effect Oxymoron – contradictory terms brought together to express a paradox for strong effect

13. Lastly Allusion - -a reference to an outside fact, event, or other source Allusion - -a reference to an outside fact, event, or other source Allegory – a narrative or description having a second meaning beneath the surface one Allegory – a narrative or description having a second meaning beneath the surface one