1. Endocrine system
Medical Terminology

2. OBJECTIVES At the end of this chapter, students should be able to:
Identify the different endocrine glands present in the body
Identify and use the roots pertaining to the endocrine system.
Define medical terms used in reference to the endocrine system.

4. Endocrine glands Gland Definition Pituitary gland Thyroid gland
Is an endocrine gland present at the base of the brain
Thyroid gland
Is the biggest gland in the neck, located in front of the throat

5. Gland Definition Parathyroid glands
Are 4 glands present in neck & located on the back of the thyroid gland

6. Gland Definition Thymus gland Is a gland located behind the sternum
It is active only till puberty to protect the body from infection
After puberty, it starts to shrink & become replaced by fats

7. Gland Definition Adrenal glands
Are 2 glands which are present above the kidneys
It is responsible for steroid hormone secretion (Cortisone)

8. Gland Definition Pancreas
A gland that lies in the abdomen behind the stomach
It produces several hormones, including: insulin
Also, it secretes pancreatic juice that contains enzymes important in digestion

9. Gland Definition Ovaries Testes
Paired female organs located in the abdomen
Their main function is: Production of ova
Testes
Paired male organs located in the scrotal sac
Their main function is: Production of sperms

10. Combining forms Combining form Meaning Hypophys/o – Pituitar/o
Pituitary gland
Thyroaden/o – Thyroid/o
Thyroid gland
Parathyroid/o
Parathyroid gland
Thym/o
Thymus gland
Adren/o – Adrenal/o
Adrenal gland
Pancreat/o
Pancreas
Ovari/o – oophor/o
Ovaries
Orch/o – Orchi/o – Orchid/o
Testes

11. Some Terminology Terminology Meaning Hypophyseal
Related to pituitary gland
Acromegaly
Enlargement of extremities caused by hypersecretion of pituitary gland after puberty
Thyroadenitis
Inflammation of thyroid gland
Thyroidectomy
Removal of the thyroid gland
Hyperthyroidism
Increased secretion of the thyroid hormone
Hyperparathyroidism
Increased secretion of parathyroid hormone

12. Terminology
Meaning
Hypoparathyroidism
Decreased secretion of parathyroid hormone
Thymoma
Tumor of the thymus gland
Adrenopathy
Disease of the adrenal gland
Adrenalectomy
Removal of adrenal gland
Pancreatectomy
Removal of pancreas
Diabetes mellitus
Deficiency of insulin leading to high blood glucose levels
Oophoritis
Inflammation of the ovary

13. Terminology
Meaning
Ovarian cyst
Fluid filled sacs within or on the surface of the ovary
Orchitis
Inflammation of one or both testes
Orchiopexy
A surgery to move the undescended testes to the scrotum & permanently fix it there
Orchidectomy
Removal of one or both testes