1. On the Home Front and Its Conclusion
World War I
On the Home Front and Its Conclusion

2. The Home Front, 1917-18 Three things Wilson did to help fight the war:
Placed railroads under government control.
Established agencies to regulate the economy.
Passed Selective Service Act creating a military draft.
Almost 2 million Americans would reach Europe.
Cost of war was $30 billion - paid for by higher taxes on wealthy and war bonds.
The war helped the economy.
Civil liberties were restricted with the passage of the Espionage Act of this act made it illegal to criticize the war effort.

3. Schenck v. U.S. 1919 Charles Schenck was member of Socialist Party.
He believed the draft was unfair use of government authority.
Schenck was convicted for distributing literature that encouraged men to resist the draft.
Schenck claimed his 1st Amendment rights were violated.
The Court stated that there were limits to freedom of speech during wartime.
The First Amendment do not protect words that create “ clear and present danger”

4. The Treaty of Versailles
The Conclusion:
14 Points &
The Treaty of Versailles

5. Wilson’s Fourteen Points
Although Woodrow Wilson largely called for a defense of “freedom of the seas”, he later included the concept of making the world “safe for democracy”
In January 1918, Wilson would deliver his Fourteen Points in a speech to joint session on Congress.
One of the major points was for each major European nationality to be given its own country and government.
Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire were to be divided into several independent nation states.
Poland was to be reborn
Alsace Lorraine was to be returned to France

6. Wilson’s Fourteen Points
Wilson called for freedom of the seas
Reduction of armaments (weapons)
Removal of trade barriers
An end to secret diplomacy
Most importantly, the creation of a League of Nations- this would attempt to avoid future wars.
Germany surrendered November 1918
Wilson hoped to use his Fourteen Points as basis for a peace plan.

7. The Treaty of Versailles
Wilson would make the mistake of not inviting Republican Senators with him to negotiate treaty.
The Senate, after all, would have to ratify the treaty.
The Allies met in Paris
Other Allied nations wanted to punish Germany
Wilson wanted the Allies to approve of his League of Nations idea
The final treaty was called Treaty of Versailles
Germany and the defeated Central Powers were treated harshly under the Versailles Treaty
From left to right: David Lloyd George of Britain, Vittoria Orlando of Italy, Georges Clemenceau of France, Woodrow Wilson of the U.S

8. The Treaty of Versailles
Germany lost land to France and Poland was given independence. Lost all overseas colonies.
Austro-Hungarian Empire was divided into several new nations.
Germany lost its navy
Greatly reduced size of army.
Forced to admit to starting the war and paying reparations (payments for damages) 
Creation of the League of Nations which promised to defend each other.
U.S. and Russia never joined.
Peace Treaty Terms

10. The U.S. Senate Rejects the Treaty
Wilson hoped the Treaty would prevent future wars
Congress believed the treaty would drag us into unnecessary conflict
Wilson needed 2/3 vote of the Senate and he was unwilling to compromise
Henry Cabot Lodge strongly opposed the League of Nations
Lodge believed if the U.S. joined the League it would lose its freedom of action

11. The U.S. Senate Rejects the Treaty
 While trying to gain American support for the Treaty, Wilson went on national speaking tour
The Senate refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles
The U.S. never joined the League of Nations
America Retreats into Isolationism
By 1919, Americans rejected Europe and settled back into a more traditional policy of isolationism
America turned its back on Europe by raising tariffs and restricting European immigration.

13. Exit Ticket
3-2-1 Summary
3 countries formed from the Treaty of Versailles
2 other provisions of the Treaty of Versailles
1 reason the US Senate refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles