1. Anatomy and physiology
Bones and muscles of the hand and arm

2. Bones in the human body Task
When we are born we have approximately 300 bones
Due to bones fusing together adults have 206 bones
Task
Turn to page 48 in your workbooks
In pairs using your textbooks label the diagram
State how many carpals, metacarpals and phalanges are found in each hand and arm

3. Bones of the hand and arm
The humerus is the long bone in the upper arm that forms the elbow and joins the arm to the shoulder.
The radius and ulna are the two long bones of the forearm the ulna is situated of the little finger side of the arm.
There are 8 carpal bones in the wrist arranged in two rows
There are 5 metacarpals, each one is a different length and moves with one of the 5 digits
14 small bones make up the fingers there are 3 in each finger and two in each thumb these are named phalanges
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Carpals (8)
Metacarpals (5)
Phalanges (14)

4. Can you please translate page 3 onto this page as I cannot squeeze two boxes onto page 3

5. Joints in the hand and arm
Hinge joint – one direction only, formed between two or more bones.
Phalanges – the bones are able to flex to decrease the angle between them for example making a fist, and are able to extend to about 180 degrees when holding the hand flat
Elbow – allows the elbow to flex and extend
Saddle joint – allows movement in two directions
Thumb – this joint allows the thumb the ability to cross over the palm of the hand
Gliding joint – bones glide over one another
Carpals – bones glide past one another in a mainly sideways movement
Ball and socket – allows freedom of motion
Humerus – the spherical head of the humerus fits into the cavity of the scapula

6. Muscles of the hand and arm
The human body has over 600 muscles
The main functions of the muscles are to provide support and movement within the body
Muscles work in pairs to produce movements at the joints.
Muscles are made up of fibres and always pull in the direction of the fibres:
Extensors straighten the parts to which they are attached
Flexors bend the parts to which they are attached
Abductors pull parts away from the centre of the body
Adductors pull parts towards the centre of the body
Task
Turn to page 44 in your workbooks
In pairs using your textbooks label the diagram

7. Muscles of the hand and arm
Brachioradialis
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Thenar muscle
Hypothenar muscle

8. Homework task
At home this week, create another diagram showing the additional muscles of the arm seen in a posterior view.
You should label the locations of the:
extensor digitorum
extensor carpi radialis
extensor carpi radialis longus
extensor carpi radialis brevis
extensor carpi ulnaris