1. Muscles of the Upper Limb
Muscles equal movement…

2. What muscles do you already know?

3. Questions What are the three types of muscle contractions in the body?
How can you remember which muscles move a specific joint?
What happens to the muscles at a specific joint during each type of muscle contraction?
Hint: choose a joint, then figure out the muscles that move it and the movements it makes. Then, apply this knowledge to each type of muscle contraction.

4. Posterior View of Back Levator Scapulae Rhomboid Minor Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Latissimus dorsi
Rhomboid Major

5. Motions of Muscles Trapezius Latissimus Dorsi Rhomboids
Scapular elevation, adduction, retraction, upward rotation and depression, also extends neck
Latissimus Dorsi
Adductor, extensor & internal rotator of arm
Rhomboids
Assist trapezius in downward rotation of the scapula and adduction or retraction of scapula
Levator Scapulae
Elevates the scapula and helps rotate the scapula downward

6. Muscles of the Rotator Cuff
Supraspinatus
Teres minor
Infraspinatus
Show scapula!
Subscapularis - Sits on anterior side of Scapula

7. Motions of Muscles for Rotator Cuff
Supraspinatus
Abducts the shoulder
Infraspinatus
Laterally Rotates the Shoulder
Teres Minor
Laterally rotate the shoulder
Subscapularis
Rotates humerus medially, stabilizes the shoulder
All three of these muscles help stabilize the shoulder joint

8. Muscles that Move the Humerus
Deltoid (anterior and lateral heads)
Pectoralis Major
Coracobrachialis

9. Motions of Muscles Deltoid Coracobrachialis Teres Major
Anterior Head
Flexes and medially rotates the shoulder joint
Lateral Head
Abducts the arm
Posterior Head
Extends and laterally rotates the arm
Coracobrachialis
Acts as a flexor and adductor of the arm
Teres Major
Medial rotator, adductor and helps extends the humerus at the arm
Pectoralis Major
Internal rotation, adduction and flexion of the arm

10. Muscles that Move the Humerus – cont’d
Coracobrachialis
Pectoralis minor
Serratus anterior

11. Motions of Muscles Pectoralis Minor Serratus Anterior
Elevates the ribs and depresses and protracts the scapula
Serratus Anterior
Upward rotation, abduction or protraction of the scapula

12. Elbow Flexors / Extensors – Anterior
Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Brachioradialis
Pronator teres

13. Motions of Muscles Biceps Brachii Brachialis Brachioradialis
Supinator in the forearm, acts to flex the elbow
Brachialis
Acts as an elbow flexor
Brachioradialis
Elbow flexor

14. Elbow Flexors / Extensors – Posterior
Triceps brachii (short head)
Triceps brachii (long head) .

15. Motions of Muscles Triceps Brachii Main extensor of the forearm
Has three heads
Short, long and medial

16. Muscles of the Forearm – Anterior
Biceps brachii
Brachioradialis

17. Muscles of the Forearm – Posterior
Triceps brachii (lateral head)
Brachioradialis

18. Extrinsic Hand Muscles – Anterior
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor digitorum superficialis

19. Extrinsic Hand Muscles – Posterior
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor digitorum
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor digitorum minimis

20. Motions of Muscles
Using the wrist as an example, deduce the muscles that are responsible for the movements that happen around that joint.
What are the movements around the wrist?
Flexors
Flexes hand and wrist
Adducts and abducts wrist
Extensors
Extends hand and wrist
Adducts and abducts wrist

21. Muscle Contractions What are the 3 types of muscle contractions?
Concentric (___________)
Ex. Bicep shortens when lifting an object
Eccentric (____________)
Ex. Bicep lengthens when putting same object down
Isometric (________)
When trying to lift an immovable object!

22. Back to the Questions:
What are the three types of muscle contractions in the body?
How can you remember which muscles move a specific joint?
What happens to the muscles at a specific joint during each type of muscle contraction?

23. Antagonist vs. Agonist Muscles
How do muscles work together in the human body?
One muscles (extensor) is required to move the bone in the opposite direction and stretches opposite the muscle (flexor)
The flexor and extensor in this case are described as anatagonistic muscles

24. Antagonist vs. Agonist Muscles
The muscle primarily responsible for movement of a body part
Antagonist Muscle
Muscle that contracts the agonist, lengthening when the agonist muscle contracts

25. Antagonistic Pairs
What are some example of Antagonist and Agonist muscles in the upper limb?
Biceps Brachii and Triceps Brachii
When you Flex your Biceps, your triceps extends
Deltoid and Latissimus Dorsi
When you abduct your shoulder your deltoid flexes and your latissimus dorsi extends
Wrist flexion – Flexor Carpi radialis and extensor carpi radialis