1. Bell Ringer Which theory am I?
My state grew from the family unit, and has evolved into a hierarchical tribal council.
My state was conquered under a powerful leader.
My state believes that the Queen was chosen by a deity to rule over her state.
My state arose from members of society giving up some of their freedom in exchange for security.

2. Skit time! 1 v. 5 ~ Evolutionary Theory 2 v. 6 ~ Force Theory
3 v. 7 ~ Divine Right Theory
4 v. 8 ~ Social Contract Theory
Don’t forget!: The three A’s—Accurate, appealing, & awesome (unique)!!

3. FREE WRITE
On your own paper, write a minimum half-page response to the following question:
Do you think humans are inherently good or evil? In other words, are people born “good” or “bad”?
What do you think has influenced your beliefs surrounding this, and why?
Be ready to discuss!!

4. Who are you Thomas Hobbes?
(England)
School with noblemen and intellectuals
Lived in England during civil war
1640s: Parliament turned on King Charles I (executed)
Devoted monarchist

5. Who are you John Locke? 1632-1704 (England)
Friends with nobles and scholars in government
Worked in government
Alive during the Glorious (Bloodless) Revolution
William and Mary invited to retake the throne after James II flees

6. Who are you Baron de Montesquieu?
(France)
Noble and prosperous family
Highly educated
Visited England where observed and liked political system

7. Who are you Jean-Jacques Rousseau?
(Switzerland)
Orphaned
Attempted musician
Traveled all around and met figures of intellectual movement

8. Philosopher’s Reading
Read the assigned packet
Fill out the organizer for all four of the philosophers
Note! Not all boxes will be completed for all of the philosophers

9. In your own words, define the Social Contract Theory
Exit Ticket
In your own words, define the Social Contract Theory

10. BR: Name that Philosopher!
This guy thought direct democracy was the best form of government.
This guy believed that property was a natural right.
This guy promoted separation of powers.
This guy thought people needed an absolute ruler to create order
This guy was the most handsome of all philosophers.
TRICK QUESTION!!!

11. Hobbes The Absolute Ruler
State of Nature
Equality, survival, life is “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short”
Law of nature
None!
Right of Nature
Life, preservation of self, equality
Social contract
Individuals create supreme power to impose peace
Lay down natural rights to a sovereign
People cannot revolt once power is given
Why the U.S. Cares?
Equality!

12. Who are you John Locke? State of Nature Law of nature Right of Nature
Brutal, violent, everyone against everyone (agrees with Hobbes)
Law of nature
Free and equal
Unalienable rights
Right of Nature
Unalienable rights: life, liberty and property
Limited rulers power
Social contract
Needed for peace
Agreement amongst people AND sovereign
Ruler protects natural rights
People can revolt and establish new government
Why the U.S. Cares?
Life, liberty, and property
Right to revolt

13. Who are you Baron de Montesquieu?
State of Nature
Fearful and people avoided violence and war
Need for food causes people to live in a society
Once in society, war begins
Law of nature
Society created for needs
Right of Nature
Social contract
No social contract
State of war led to human laws and government
Why U.S. Cares?
Three branches of government

14. Who are you Jean-Jacques Rousseau?
State of Nature
Free, equal, peaceful and happy
Ownership of property creates inequalities and war
Law of nature
No pain to others and morality is law
Right of Nature
Rights can never be given up
Social contract
Not willing agreement, fraud against people committed by rich
Rights given up, not to a king but to ALL people
People = sovereign (loves him so direct democracy)
No separation of powers
Why U.S. Cares?
People RULE (popular sovereignty)

15. Founding Father Twinners! Hobbes Locke Rousseau Hamilton Jefferson
Montesquieu
Rousseau
Life is “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short”
Equality
Lay down rights to a sovereign
People are fearful and avoid violence
Society created for needs
Loves 3 branches
Free, equal, peaceful
People = sovereign
No separation of powers needed
Rights to the people
Natural rights are unalienable
Life, liberty and property
Agreement amongst people AND sovereign
Hamilton
Jefferson
Madison
Mason

16. Philosopher Debate
Decide whether your philosopher would agree or disagree with each statement.
Support by referencing information in the handout!
Each group selects a different representative for each statement—he/she is responsible for articulating the philosopher’s views and supporting evidence
Argument/debate is encouraged! If you think another philosopher’s idea is the worst, tell him!

17. Debate Topics
Statement 5: The government should have the authority to confiscate a person’s property for the public good. Statement 1: The best form of government is a representative democracy. Statement 3: A good way to make laws is for all the people to directly vote on them. Statement 2: Only the president should have the power to declare war. Statement 4: Religion should be a part of the government.