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Measuring Earth Unit 2 ©Mark Place,

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Presentation on theme: "Measuring Earth Unit 2 ©Mark Place,"— Presentation transcript:

1 Measuring Earth Unit 2 ©Mark Place, 2009-2010

2 Information regarding
Earth’s Spheres Information regarding Earth’s atmosphere can be found on page of the ESRTs 1 and 14

3 Information regarding
Earth’s Spheres Information regarding Earth’s interior can be found on page of the ESRTs

4 Information regarding
Earth’s Spheres Information regarding Earth’s hydrosphere can be found on page of the ESRTs 1

5 Please answer the questions in your notes.

6 1. 4600°C, 1.2 million atmospheres (+/- 0.2)
Answers: °C, 1.2 million atmospheres (+/- 0.2) 2. oxygen 3. Hydrogen, Oxygen °C 5. 0°C km

7 Earth is an oblate spheroid.
Shape of the Earth Earth is an oblate spheroid. Earth is slightly flattened at the poles and bulges at the Equator. ©Mark Place,

8 Proof of Earth’s Shape Ships sail over the curve of the Earth.

9 Proof of Earth’s Shape During a lunar eclipse, the Earth’s shadow is curved.

10 Proof of Earth’s Shape Photos from space.

11 it looks very, very, very, very, very, very, very ROUND.
Although the Earth is oblate, it looks very, very, very, very, very, very, very ROUND.

12 Size of the Earth Eratosthenes first determined the size of the spherical Earth, 1500 years before Columbus.

13 Eratosthenes (276 BC – 195 BC) was a Greek mathematician,
poet, athlete, geographer, astronomer, music theorist And Mario Cart champion.

14 Eratosthenes was the first person to calculate the circumference of the spherical earth.
Mama Mia! This is a not a good! 7.5o o = 800 km C ABOUT 3% ERROR Pretty good, don’t ya think? Over 1600 years before Columbus.

15 40,008 KM 40,076 KM About 42 miles difference. POLAR CIRCUMFERENCE
EQUATORIAL CIRCUMFERENCE 40,076 KM 24,887 MILES About 42 miles difference.

16 Oblate Spheroid Measurements on earth. Satellite data.
Gravimeter readings. Gravity readings show that you weigh more at the North Pole than at the Equator, because the poles are closer to the Earth’s center.

17 Topographic maps show the elevation (therefore the shape) of the land.
What is the purpose? Topographic maps show the elevation (therefore the shape) of the land.

18 Who uses topographic maps?
the military miners police farmers

19 When might someone use a topographic map? building homes plan a hiking trip landscaping road building

20 Contour Interval? 25

21 Contour Interval? 20 Elevation of "A"? 540 Elevation of "B"? 580

22 619

23 What do hachured lines show? areas of depression

24 concerning hachured lines?
What are the rules concerning hachured lines? first hachured line has same elevation as previous contour line

25 top of the page, what direction
300 m Use elevations! 250 m If north is at the top of the page, what direction is this river flowing? south

26 V Notice that the contour lines bend up stream (up the hill)
when they cross a creek or a river.

27 Oatka Creek flows NORTH
Can a river flow north? Oatka Creek flows NORTH V We’re here.

28 Can a river flow north? South North

29 Can a river flow north? yes!

30 Name two ways that you can
determine which way a river flows on a topographic map. contour lines point upstream rivers flow downhill

31 What are the steps to draw a topographic profile
place a piece of paper between the points mark where every contour line touches the edge of the paper determine the elevation of each mark place the paper on the graph and mark the elevation of each contour line

32 Using the map and chart below, construct a topographic map profile.

33 Please match the contour map on the left with the profile on the right.

34 Topographic Maps---Distance Between Points
What is the distance, in kilometers, from Kingston to Oswego? 266 km What is the distance, in miles, from Plattsburgh to Jamestown? 342 miles

35 gradient = change in elevation distance
The elevation of Albany is 282 feet. The elevation at Binghamton is 1634 feet. Calculate the gradient to the nearest tenth of a ft/mi. Show all work. gradient = change in elevation distance = 115 miles = 1352 ft 115 miles = 11.8 ft/mile

36 gradient = change in elevation distance
The elevation of Watertown is 99m. The elevation at Oswego is 144m. Calculate the gradient to the nearest tenth of a m/km. Show all work. gradient = change in elevation distance = 75 km = 45 m 75 km = 0.6 m/km

37 gradient = change in temperature distance
If the distance between the two circled cities is 425 km, calculate the temperature gradient to the nearest hundredth? Show all work. gradient = change in temperature distance = 82-48 425 = 34 425 = °F/km

38 Latitude & Longitude Measuring Earth Notes ©Mark Place, 2009-2010

39 Let’s Look at This Question:
How is latitude measured?

40 To get to the next line of latitude, you must move
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 15 45 75 105 120 135 150 165 180 E F G H To get to the next line of latitude, you must move in which of two directions? Latitude Equator

41 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 15 45 75 105 120 135 150 165 180 E F G H North South

42 Latitude is measured and from the North South Equator

43 Lines run east and west but measure north and south; like on a football field.
TOUCHDOWN

44 Let’s Look at This Question:
How is longitude measured?

45 To get to the next line of longitude, you must move
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 15 45 75 105 120 135 150 165 180 E F G H To get to the next line of longitude, you must move in which of two directions? Prime Meridian

46 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 15 45 75 105 120 135 150 165 180 E F G H West East

47 Longitude is measured and from the East West Prime Meridian

48 Longitude and Latitude

49 Let’s do some plotting.

50 On the coordinate system, plot the coordinates given in your notes:
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 15 45 75 105 120 135 150 165 180 E F G H D A B C

51 State the coordinates for each of the letters in the figure above:
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 15 45 75 105 120 135 150 165 180 E F G H 20°N, 75°E 65°N, 50°W 70°S, 15°E 10°S, 135°W

52 BASED ON THE ____________
LATITUDE ALTITUDE BASED ON THE OF BASED ON THE ____________ OF _______________ Demo POLARIS

53 POLARIS

54 LATITUDE = ALTITUDE

55 POLARIS CAN ONLY BE SEEN IN THE HEMISPHERE NORTHERN

56 25°N, 100°W Altitude of Polaris 25°

57 30°S, 100°E Altitude of Polaris Can't be seen!

58 80°S, 65°W Altitude of Polaris Can't be seen!

59 45°N, 105°E Altitude of Polaris 45°

60 LONGITUDE BASED ON EARTH’S BASED ON ROTATION

61 LONGITUDE EACH HOUR, EARTH ROTATES (360°/24hrs) 15°

62 Global Positioning System
GPS Global Positioning System

63 HOW MANY TIME ZONES?

64 HOW MANY TIME ZONES? 24 TIME ZONES 15° APART

65 People on the same line of longitude have the same Local Time

66 Example: Two students record a difference in local time of two
hours. How many degrees of longitude apart are they? 15° x 2 hours = 30°


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