1. Splash Screen

2. Section 2: Climate and Vegetation Visual Summary
Introduction
Section 1: The Land
Section 2: Climate and Vegetation
Visual Summary
Chapter Menu

3. News accounts of natural disasters in Latin America describe the destruction caused by hurricanes, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions. A study of the physical geography of Latin America will explain the factors that make the region vulnerable to such natural disasters.
Chapter Intro 1

4. Section 1: The Land
The physical environment affects people and their activities. The rugged Andes and the massive rivers of Latin America influence human settlement in the region.
Chapter Intro 2

5. Section 2: Climate and Vegetation
Physical processes shape Earth’s surface. Location and landforms result in vertical climate zones and tropical areas in Latin America.
Chapter Intro 3

6. Chapter Preview-End

7. The Land
This section discusses the landforms, water systems, and natural resources of Latin America, and how these features have influenced human settlement in the region.
Section 1-GTR

8. The Land cordillera llano pampas hydroelectric power altiplano
escarpment
isolate
volume
parallel
Section 1-GTR

9. The Land A. Andes B. Mexican Plateau C. Mato Grosso Plateau
D. Brazilian Highlands
E. Amazon River
F. Río de la Plata
G. Rio Grande
Section 1-GTR

10. The Land Latin America is divided into how many sub-regions? A. Two
B. Three
C. Four
D. Six A B C D
Section 1

11. Landforms
Latin America’s rugged landscape has affected settlement of the region.
Mountains form the most distinctive landforms in Latin America.
Sierra Madre
Central Highlands
The Andes
The Andes and the Ring of Fire
Section 1

12. Landforms (cont.) Lowlands and plains coastal lowland the llanos
the pampas
Elevation Profile
Section 1

13. What is the name of the world’s longest and highest mountain chain?
A. Highlands of Brazil
B. Andes
C. Himalayans
D. Sierra Madres A B C D
Section 1

14. Water Systems
Latin America’s waterways provide a vital link among the region’s countries.
Important waterways include:
Amazon River
Río de la Plata
Rio Grande
Panama Canal
Latin American Water Systems
Section 1

15. Which South American river forms part of the border between Mexico and the U.S.?
A. Río de la Plata
B. Paraguay
C. Rio Grande
D. Amazon River A B C D
Section 1

16. Natural Resources
Latin America has abundant natural resources but faces obstacles to development.
Some Latin American countries are among the world’s leading producers of energy and mineral resources.
Latin American Oil Reserves by Country
Section 1

17. A. Geographic inaccessibility B. Political instability
Which of the following do you think is the main obstacle to developing all of Latin America’s natural resources?
A. Geographic inaccessibility
B. Political instability
C. Lack of capital A B C
Section 1

18. Section 1-End

19. Climate and Vegetation
Location and landforms affect climate and vegetation regions in Latin America, but human activity has modified forest cover and land use patterns.
Section 2-GTR

20. Climate and Vegetation
tierra helada
tierra templada
tierra caliente
canopy
puna
tierra fría
dominate
specific
adapt
Section 2-GTR

21. Climate and Vegetation
A. Amazon Basin
B. Atacama Desert
Section 2-GTR

22. Climate and Vegetation
How many different climate zones do you think exist in Latin America?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5 A B C D
Section 2

23. Elevation and Climate
Differences in elevation create five diverse climate zones in Latin America.
The five vertical climate zones found in the highlands of Middle America and western South America are the:
tierra helada and the puna
tierra fría
tierra templada
tierra caliente
Vertical Climate Zones
Section 2

24. In which climate zone are you more likely to find rainforests? A. Puna
B. Tierra fría
C. Tierra templada
D. Tierra caliente A B C D
Section 2

25. Climate and Vegetation Regions
Although much of Latin America is located in the Tropics, the region has diverse climates and vegetation.
Tropical climates:
Tropical wet—The Amazon Basin
Tropical dry
Section 2

26. Climate and Vegetation Regions (cont.)
Midlatitude climate:
Humid subtropical
Dry climate:
Desert—The Atacama Desert
Steppe
Latin American Climate Regions
Section 2

27. The Amazon rain forest shelters more species of plants and animals per square mile than anywhere on Earth.
A. True
B. False A B
Section 2

28. Section 2-End

29. Surrounded by Sierra Madre Mild climate, good soil, adequate rainfall
A. Mexican Plateau
Surrounded by Sierra Madre
Mild climate, good soil, adequate rainfall
Has attracted human settlement for years
VS 1

30. Part of the Central Highlands
B. Caribbean Islands
Volcanic mountains
Part of the Central Highlands
Experiences hurricanes that form in the Atlantic Ocean
VS 2

31. C. Oil and Natural Gas Resources
Important economic resources for some countries in the region
Not distributed equally; only a few countries benefit
VS 3

32. Longest river in North and South America
D. Amazon River
Longest river in North and South America
Amazon Basin drains into Atlantic Ocean
Important transportation route from the Atlantic into Brazil’s interior
VS 4

33. World’s longest mountain ranges
E. Andes
World’s longest mountain ranges
Rugged terrain has made movement difficult
Tectonic activity causes earthquakes and volcanic eruptions
Vertical climate zones have attracted human settlement because of cooler climates and rich natural resources
VS 5

34. World’s largest rain forest–covers one-third of South America
F. Amazon Rain Forest
World’s largest rain forest–covers one-third of South America
Trees grow close together to form a dense canopy
Heavy rains occur throughout the year
Shelters more species of plants and animals per square mile than anywhere else on Earth
VS 6

35. G. Paraná, Paraguay, and Uruguay Rivers
Provide important commercial transportation routes
Provide hydroelectric power for the area
Form the Rio de la Plata where rivers flow into the Atlantic Ocean
VS 7

36. Plains and grassland area provides grazing for beef cattle
H. Pampas
Plains and grassland area provides grazing for beef cattle
Wheat and corn are grown in the rich coil of the pampas for export around the world.
VS 8

37. VS-End

38. Figure 1

39. Figure 2

40. Figure 3

41. Figure 4

42. Figure 5

43. Figure 6

44. DFS Trans 1

45. Quito; temperatures get colder with increased altitude
DFS Trans 2

46. cordillera
parallel chains or ranges of mountains
Vocab1

47. altiplano
Spanish for “high plain”; a region in Peru and Bolivia encircled by the Andes peaks
Vocab2

48. escarpment
steep cliff or slope between a higher and lower land surface
Vocab3

49. llano (LAH•noh)
fertile grassland in inland areas of Colombia and Venezuela
Vocab4

50. pampas
grassy, treeless plains of southern South America
Vocab5

51. hydroelectric power electrical energy generated by falling water
Vocab6

52. tierra helada
Spanish term for “frozen land”; a zone of permanent snow and ice on the peaks of the Andes
Vocab7

53. puna a treeless, windswept tableland or basin in the higher Andes
Vocab8

54. tierra fría
Spanish term for “cold land”; the highest altitude zone of Latin American highlands climates
Vocab9

55. tierra templada
Spanish term for “temperate land”; the middle altitude zone of Latin American highlands climates
Vocab10

56. tierra caliente
Spanish term for “hot land”; the lowest altitude zone of Latin American highlands climates
Vocab11

57. canopy
top layer of a rain forest, where the tops of tall trees form a continuous layer of leaves
Vocab12

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