1. Intro to Governments

2. What is government? The method used to organize a society
The method used to establish order
The method used to lay down laws in a society
The method used to maintain safety within a society

3. The purpose of government
Thomas Hobbes
A society without a government is “solitary, poor, brutish, and short”
John Locke
A world without a government is in a state of freedom and equality

4. Common government terms
Leader
Who is in charge?
Can be a single person or a group
Congress
Usually passes laws
Also called Parliament, Senate, Legislature, etc

5. Monarchy: Leadership Head of state is hereditary position
King/emperor/duke
Job is to take care of people, protect the kingdom, final judge between people
Constitutional monarch must obey the laws like any other citizen
King Henry VIII – Tudor dynasty
Queen Elizabeth II – House of Windsor

6. Monarchy: Role of the People
To pay taxes (support the country)
To obey the king
In a constitutional monarchy, the people elect representatives to run the government

7. Monarchy: Military Support the monarch Protect the king and kingdom
The ruler is the commander of the military
King of Tonga
Alexander, Emperor of Greece

8. Monarchy: Decision Making
Absolute monarchy - ruler makes all decisions
Constitutional monarchy – ruler is a symbol but has almost no power
Voters elect a legislature to make decisions
Louis XIV of France crowning his grandson the king of Spain
Current emperor of Japan

9. Democracy: Leadership
President/Prime Minister
Power is usually split between executive and legislative branches
Parliament, Diet, Assembly, Congress, etc
Ensures that decisions made by the people are carried out
Ex-US President Barack Obama
England’s PM
Theresa May
US President Donald Trump
Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak

10. Democracy: People Majority rules, but the individual is protected
Elect representatives in free elections
Tell representatives what they want done
Pay taxes to benefit society as a whole
Serve in military when asked
Woman voting in India
Man voting in US
Man voting in Afghanistan

11. Democracy: Military Protect the people from outside invasion
Are commanded by the executive branch but limited by the legislative branch
Italian Military
Ethiopian Military
Israeli Military

12. Democracy: Decision Making
US Congress in session
All people have the right to vote on issues
Free elections of representatives
Representatives vote on issues in Congress
majority rule (mostly)
Representatives make decisions based on the best interests of the people
Japanese Parliament in session

13. Dictatorship: Leadership
Committee of Public Safety – France
Power is consolidated in the hands of one person or small group of people
Ruler(s) take control in a crisis to keep the state from falling apart
Ability to monopolize political power without constitutional limits
Abdel Fattah el-Sisi – Egypt

14. Dictatorship: People Heil Hitler salute - Germany
People are expected to obey those laws without question
Have little to no participation in the government
Libyan Protestors

15. Dictatorship: Military
Iraqi military under Saddam Hussein
Usually very large
Almost always is key to overthrowing old ruler(s) and putting in new ruler(s)
New ruler(s) generally ensure obedience through military force
Military force applied inward rather than outward
Spanish military under Francisco Franco

16. Dictatorship: Decision Making
Polling station in Uganda
No free elections
No political or civil rights guaranteed
Ruler makes all laws
Little to no input from legislature (usually just agrees to what dictator wants)
Vassily Efanov – An Unforgettable Meeting (with Mussolini)

17. Hobbes and Locke Connection
Explain whether or not Hobbes would like this form of government and why (choose one)
Explain whether or not Rousseau/Locke would like this form of government and why (choose one)