1. Chapter 4
4.1 The SIPDE Process

2. Risk Contributors (user)
Adjusting radio
Being angry
Having blurred vision
Combing hair
Drinking while driving
Using a cell phone

3. Owner responsibility (maintenance)
Bald tires
Poorly adjusted brakes
Dirty windshield
Broken headlight
Worn wiper blades

4. Risk: Environment & Roadway
Bright sun
Construction
Dark Shadows
Snow & Ice
Sharp Curve

5. SIPDE
Scan
Identify
Predict
Decide
Execute

6. SCAN
Looking to the left, straight, right, and behind the area surrounding your vehicle.

7. Identify Use of visual search pattern to identify…
Open and closed zones
Specific clues
Other users
Roadway features and conditions
Traffic controls

8. Predict Use knowledge, judgment, and experience to predict
Actions of other users
Speed
Direction
Control

9. Squirrels

10. Decide Decide to use one or more action to: Change or maintain speed
Change direction
Communicate

11. Execute Execute your decision to: Control speed Steer Communicate
Combine actions

12. Orderly Visual Search Pattern
Is a process of searching critical areas in a regular sequence.
When should we practice this?

13. Smith System
Is an organized method to help drivers develop good seeing habits
Aim high in steering
Keep your eyes moving
Get the big picture
Make sure other see you “BE SEEN”
Leave an “OUT”

14. Aim high in steering Look ahead 12-15 seconds
Look far ahead to identify clues and analyze situations before the zone becomes closed.
Some restrictions include: hills, large vehicles, weather, curves, etc…

15. Keep your eyes moving
Looking near and far, side to side, and in the mirrors will help you!
You must fixate on an object for an instant so you can analyze it!
Don’t fixate too long!

16. Get the big picture
Is a mental process of putting together the critical clues you have selected.
It is the result of aiming high and keeping your eyes moving!

17. “BE SEEN” Let others see you.
Don’t hangout in the blind spots of other vehicles.
“If you cant see my mirrors then I cant see you!”

18. Leave an “OUT” Always be looking for open zones.
Cities will have less open zones then country areas!
What can we look for?

19. around you, while looking straight ahead
Field of Vision
The area you can see
around you, while looking straight ahead

20. Central Vision The area that you can see clearly and sharply
This is only about 10 degrees in front of you!

21. Peripheral Vision
The area you can see to the left and right of central vision is your side vision
The farther you get away from your central vision the less clearly you can see
180 degrees

22. How to communicate with other drivers.
Headlights, taillights, and brake lights
Turn signals
Parking lights and hazard flashers
Back-up lights
Horn
Eye contact

23. How to handle a hazard

24. Minimize a hazard
Reduce the possibility of a conflict by deciding to put more distance between yourself and the hazard
Ex. A car driving down a street moves closer to the middle of the lane because they predict a car door will open.

25. Separate Hazards
There will be times that you will face more than one hazard at a time
Do not try to handle both or all at once!
Decide to adjust your speed to deal with only one hazard at a time.

26. Compromise the space Sometimes they cant be minimized or separated.
When this happens you need to compromise by giving as much space as possible to the greater hazard.
Sometimes you might have to risk a hazard to prevent a bigger one!

27. The area of space all around your vehicle
Space Cushion
The area of space all around your vehicle

28. How do we get into our vehicle?

29. Closed Zone A space not open to you because of a restriction in your
line of sight or intended
path of travel

30. drive without restriction
Open Zone
A space where you can
drive without restriction