1. IPDE Process
Chapter 4

2. IPDE Process Need for organized system to drive
Reduces close calls and collisions
Manage risk
Driving Risks – 3 Components
#1. Risk Factors due to Driver, even other drivers
Adjusting radio
Emotion – anger/your boyfriend/girlfriend just broke up with you
Primping – combing hair, putting on mascara, shaving
Drinking alcohol
Cell phone use
#2. Risk Factors due to Automobile
Bald Tires
Poorly adjusted brakes
Ineffective Windshield Wipers
Broken Headlight
Dirty Windshield

3. IPDE Process Identify – use visual search pattern to look for
Driving Risks –continued
#3. Roadway Risks
Bright sun
Construction
Snow / Ice
Sharp Curves
Good drivers make every effort to manage & lower risks
IPDE Process – organized system of see, thinking, making judgements and responding
Identify – use visual search pattern to look for
Clues
Other users of the HTS (Highway Traffic System) assume they will make mistakes
example: speeders
Road Conditions – hills, curves, lane changes, bicyclists, pedestrians, intersections
Traffic Concerns

4. IPDE Process
IPDE Process – organized system of see, thinking and responding
Identify – use visual search pattern
Smith System - 5 Rules that help drivers develop good seeing habits
Aim High In Steering – look seconds ahead of your vehicle
Keep Eyes Moving
Get the Big Picture
Make Sure Others See You
Leave Yourself an Out
Zone Control System – organized method of managing the 6 zones around your car
- see a zone change – check other zones – create space for yourself by adjusting speed & lane position
– Communicate
Open Zone – no restriction
Line of Sight – intended path of travel
Target Area – center of intended path
Closed Zone – zone not open - restricted “line of sight”
Examples: stop light (front zone), parked car (right front zone)

5. IPDE Process Zones – pg 65 & 66 Front Zone Rear Zone Right Front Zone
Left Front Zone
Left Rear Zone
Right Rear Zone
Rear Zone

6. IPDE Process 3 Searching Ranges Target Area Range 12-15 Second Range
Distance ahead of vehicle
Use to evaluate path
of travel
12-15 Second Range
Space will travel in next
12-15 seconds
4-6 Second Range
4-6 seconds
12-15 Second Range
4-6 Second Range

7. IPDE Process Checking Your Zones Orderly Visual Search Pattern
Sample: Driving Straight:
Target Area
Left Front – Front – Right Front in sec range
Rear Zone - Rearview mirror
4-6 second range
12-15 second range
4-6 range
Rearview mirror
Speedometer & Gauges
Don’t stare
Practice as a passenger

8. IPDE Process Field of Vision – area see around you
Most of us can see 90 degrees to each side = 180 degrees
Central Vision – right in front of you 10 degrees – see clearly
Peripheral Vision – area see to right or left –
Outer edges see less clearly
Central Vision
Peripheral Vision
Peripheral Vision
FIELD OF VISION

9. IPDE Process Review Identify Component:
Aim High Steering – look ahead (12-15 sec)
Keep Eyes Moving – develop scanning technique
Get The Big Picture
Develop Selective Seeing
Choose only events that impact your driving!
Open zones that may close
Examples: Parked car with wheels turned or exhaust from tail pipe
Look for other Users- anticipate them doing the wrong thing!
Examples: Speeders
Look for Roadway Conditions –
Intersections, Hills, Lane changes, road surfaces, bicyclists, pedestrians

10. Predict – once you identify - predict how it may effect you
IPDE Process
Predict – once you identify - predict how it may effect you
What is happening, what could happen, how could this effect you??
Example: Pg 72 – bicyclist & on coming car to left
What do you do?
Knowledge & Experience will help you identify & predict quicker & faster
Most predictions related to changes in zones and looking for an out
Don’t Assume other drivers will make good decisions
Predict
✔Path of other drivers
✔Action of others
✔Space – Will I have an open zone
✔Pont of Conflict – No open space, where may the conflict occur
– Where paths may cross
Examples: pg 73

11. IPDE Process
The more complex situation, the more difficult to identify & predict
Speed – Most important factor in control of your vehicle
Changes with traffic & weather conditions
Increased Speed decreases time available for IPDE process
Traction – basic requirement for vehicle control
Gripping power between tires and road surface

12. Decide IPDE Process Once you’ve identified a situation…
Predicted a possible conflict …
Decide upon the action
Followed by Execute step
Examples:
Maintain speed
Change speed
may not always mean slowing down

13. IPDE Process
Decide
Examples:
Change direction – keep a space cushion - continued
May change lane positions to keep cushion pg 76
Center of Lane
Right Side of Lane
Left Side of Lane
May need to make greater change
Try to detect a changing zone condition 12 sec in advance

14. Decide IPDE Process Strategies to keep space around your vehicle
Examples: continued
Communicate with others
Lights – headlights, taillights, brake lights, turn signal, etc
Horn
Car Position
Eye Contact
Body Movement
Combination
Strategies to keep space around your vehicle
Minimize Hazard –put distance between self and hazard
Example: Passing parked cars

15. IPDE Process Strategies to keep space around your vehicle
Separate Hazards–more than one hazard at a time
Don’t handle them all at one time
You do this by adjusting your speed
Example: On coming car and parked cars on right
Compromise Space –
Sometimes hazards can’t be minimized and can’t be separated
Give as much space as possible to greater hazard
Example: On coming car moves into your lane with cars parked on
right

16. Execute carry out decision to avoid conflict
IPDE Process
Execute carry out decision to avoid conflict
Control Speed
Accelerating
Decelerating / Braking
Check Rear Zone
Avoid Locking Brakes – loose steering control
Most cars have antilock breaks – break hard – don’t pump breaks
Steer
Don’t over steer – could loose control
Don’t make jerky sudden movements
Communicate
Make it early so other know your intentions
Combined Actions

17. IPDE Process Putting It Into Action Practice – as you ride with others
Commentary Driving – talk out loud
Takes Time
The more complex traffic situation the longer it takes