1. Canada

3. Physical Geography

4. Landforms
Canada’s mountainous eastern and western edges create a central region of fertile plains.

5. Collisions of tectonic plates thrust up a series of sharp-peaked mountains, like the Pacific Ranges and Rockies.

6. Wide range of climates, from frozen tundra to humid continental, support a variety of wildlife.

7. Abundant water and energy resources make up Canada’s great natural resource wealth.

8. Water Systems
Canada’s plentiful freshwater lakes and rivers support the needs of people and industries in both cities and rural areas.

9. St. Lawrence River one of Canada's most important rivers
forms part of the border between the US and Canada
Along with Great Lakes – one of the worlds most important shipping routes

10. The Niagara Falls, also on the border, is a key source of hydroelectric power.

11. The Canadian Shield
Giant core of rock anchoring North America
Centered on Hudson Bay and James Bay

12. Climate, Biomes, and Resources
Ocean currents, like the Gulf Stream and Labrador Current, play a key role in Canada’s large variation in climates.

13. Canada has a variety of biomes that support abundant forms of plant and animal life.

14. Fisheries as well as timber, energy, and minerals are important to Canada's economy.

15. The Athabasca Tar Sands make Canada a leading petroleum-producing country.

16. Which climates appear in the US, but are absent in Canada?
Why is the St. Lawrence River so important?
What exactly is the Canadian Shield?

17. First Nations – Native American people of Canada

18. Human Geography of Canada

19. History and Government
Indigenous groups
Inuit
First Nations
French and British colonists
Foundation for Canadian cultures

20. Originally British colony
1931 – Became a dominion
– gained independence

21. Canada - constitutional monarchy
Power divided into three branches of government:
Legislative
Executive
Judicial

22. Population Patterns Ethnicity varies from province to province
25 percent of population identify from mixed origins

23. About 90 percent of population lives within 100 miles of U.S. border
More temperate climate
Easy access to commerce

24. About 81 percent of population live in urban areas:
Montreal
Vancouver
Toronto
Ottawa – Capital City

25. Which climates appear in the US, but are absent in Canada?
Why is the St. Lawrence River so important?
What exactly is the Canadian Shield?

26. Who are the First Nations?
Which two European countries settled Canada?
When did Canada gain its independence? From whom?
What type of government does Canada currently have?

27. Society and Culture
Immigration has helped create multicultural society

28. English and French – Canada’s two official languages.

29. Today’s average family decreased to three members
More women entered the workforce

30. The arts (theater and music) highly regarded in Canada,
Toronto – third-largest production center in English-speaking world

31. Economic Activities Natural resources essential to Canadian economy
Account for more than 58 percent of exports

32. Advancement of technology and reliable transportation systems has helped spur economic growth across the country

33. North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
1994
Mexico, US, Canada
Agree to reduce/eliminate tariffs on goods traded amongst themselves
Canada’s main trade partner United States

34. Faring better than US since 2008 recession
Due to more conservative lending in real estate market
Greater stability in housing prices
Lower unemployment rates
Compared to US and Europe

35. Which climates appear in the US, but are absent in Canada?
Why is the St. Lawrence River so important?
What exactly is the Canadian Shield?

36. Who are the First Nations?
Which two European countries settled Canada?
When did Canada gain its independence? From whom?
What type of government does Canada currently have?

37. Who is Canada’s number 1 trade partner?
What is NAFTA?
Explain
Who is Canada’s number 1 trade partner?

38. People and Their Environment: Canada

39. Managing Resources Many natural resources suffered due to: Fishing
Logging
Mineral/oil and gas extraction

40. Calls for federal protection and conservation efforts have increased to protect existing resources and to develop renewable ones

41. Without conservation, rare ecosystems such as the boreal forest could be destroyed.

42. Human Impact Acid rain contaminates lakes, streams, and rivers.
Pollution in the United States can also negatively affect the environment in Canada

43. Industrial pollution in waterways can harm water supplies and all who depend on them.

44. Canadian and US governments continue to work together:
To improve water quality
To encourage resurgence of some fish populations

45. Addressing the Issues
Provinces individually take action to address climate change through the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.

46. Green Energy and Green Economy Act
Ontario
Promotes green energy through conservation and financial incentives

47. Government exploring alternative energy sources
Wind
Solar power

48. Initial reports are positive,
Time needed to see which methods of alternative energy will be successful

49. Which climates appear in the US, but are absent in Canada?
Why is the St. Lawrence River so important?
What exactly is the Canadian Shield?

50. Who are the First Nations?
Which two European countries settled Canada?
When did Canada gain its independence? From whom?
What type of government does Canada currently have?

51. Who is Canada’s number 1 trade partner?
What is NAFTA?
Explain
Who is Canada’s number 1 trade partner?