1. Perspective and Current Status of Introducing Nuclear Power in Poland
Olga Kołodziej, Paulina Giżowska
Department of Nuclear Safety National Atomic Energy Agency (PAA)
RCF Regulatory Control Training Workshop 7 November 2016, Vienna, Austria

2. Content Nuclear Facilities in Poland
Status of the Nuclear Power Programme
Regulatory Infrastructure: the regulatory body
Legal framework
Licensing
Review of Regulatory Infrastructure Development
Human Resources

3. Republic of Poland Population ~38 mln Area 312,679 km2 Capital Warsaw
Currency
PLN
Official language
Polish
Installed capacity
~38 GW
EU member
1st May 2004

4. Nuclear Facilities in Poland
In accordance with the Atomic Law Act:
Research reactor MARIA
Research reactor EWA (decommissioned)
Spent fuel storage facilities
Located at two separate organizational entities and two separate locations:
National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ)
Radioactive Waste Management Plant (ZUOP)
incl. National Radioactive Waste Repositary
Świerk
Różan

5. Nuclear Facilities in Poland
National Radioactive Waste Repository in Różan (LILW)
Nuclear Facilities in Poland
Różan
Warszawa
Świerk
MARIA research reactor (in operation)
EWA research reactor (decommissioned)
Spent fuel storages
5000+ activities involving ionizing radiation (medical, industrial, scientific)

6. Research reactor MARIA
Operated since:
Moderator:
water, beryllium
Nominal power:
30 MW(th)
Reflector:
graphite
Neutron flux:
2,5*1014 n/cm2*s
Cooling regime:
pressurized fuel channels

7. Status of the Nuclear Power Programme (1)
Polish Nuclear Power Programme (PNPP) adopted by the Council of Ministers in January 2014
High level document prepared by Ministry of Energy expressing political will to embark on nuclear power
Describes the development of legal, organizational and institutional infractructure required for the implementation of nuclear power
PNPP covers issues such as:
role of nuclear power in national energy policy
funding and financing of the programme
development of transmission grid
establishment of safety infrastructure
environmental impact
radioactive waste management
involvement of domestic industry
human resources development
public communication

8. Three main organizations involved in PNPP
Promotion
Future Operator
Regulatory Body
Coordination and implementation of PNPP
Promotion of nuclear power applications
Construction, commissioning and operation
Responsibility for safety
Financing
Licensing
&
Independent oversight

9. Status of the Nuclear Power Programme (2)
PNPP contains the provisional time schedule of the nuclear programme:
I stage 2014 – 2016: site and reactor technology selection
II stage 2017 – 2018: licensing
III stage 2019 – 2024: construction & commissioning of 1st unit; start of construction of following units
IV stage : completion of construction of first (by 2030) and second NPP (by 2035)

10. Status of the Nuclear Power Programme (3)
Preparatory work:
2010 – development of draft PNPP by the Ministry of Economy, performance by the ME of the environmental impact forecast, consultations on the draft (approx. 100 national entities involved)
December March 2011 – formal public consultations on the environmental impact forecast (opinions and comments submitted by approx. 300 different organizations)
July 2011 – start of transboundary consultations
May 2013 – formal completion of transboundary consultations
July 2013 – submission of draft PNPP for discussion at the Interministerial Team for the Implementation of Poland’s Energy Policy up to 2030       
July - August 2013 – agreement on the draft PNPP with its participants
October 2013 – senior management of the Ministry of Economy adopted the draft
January 2014 – the Permanent Committee of the Council of Ministers adopted the draft PNPP

11. Alternative Proposals
Option 1:
Construction of two NPPs with a total power of 6000 MW
HTR with a power of MW
To take place until 2020, or at least start
National companies taking part would receive necessary support from the State and their efforts will be coordinated to avoid duplication.
Creation of a modern laboratory for research into new solutions needed for Generation IV reactors, fusion reactors and highly efficient conventional installations
Option 2:
1st NPP unit with a power of 1000 MW expected in the next 10 years

12. Current Status of the Nuclear Power Programme
Review of implementation of PNPP was adopted by the Council of Ministers in October 2016.
Looking at various methods to finance the construction of an NPP: initial mechanism of ‘contract for difference’ (CfD) judged too costly. Results expected in the first quarter of 2017.
Updated PNPP is expected by the end of 2017, incl. new time schedule.
In parallel to the PNPP, research over the potential of developing new reactor technologies (Generation IV reactors)

13. Regulatory Infrastructure: the regulatory body (1)
President of PAA is a central organ of governmental administration responsible for nuclear safety and radiation protection
President of PAA executes his tasks through the National Atomic Energy Agency (PAA) which is the Polish nuclear regulatory body
Reports to the Ministry of Environment
Nuclear regulatory authorities
President of PAA (Chairman)
Nuclear regulatory inspectors

14. Regulatory Infrastructure: the regulatory body (2)
Functions and main tasks:
national policy on nuclear safety and radiological protection
regulatory oversight of activities involving nuclear materials and other radioactive sources, incl. conduct of inspections to verify nuclear and radiation safety, physical protection and nuclear materials safeguards
safety assessment & licensing of activities involving use of ionizing radiation
technical and organizational recommendations
drafting of legal acts and regulatory guides
radiation monitoring of the territory of Poland
cooperation with other relevant institutions

15. Structure of the Regulatory Body

16. Legal framework
Act of Parliament of 29th November 2000 – Atomic law (O.J. of 2014, item 1512)
Coomprehensive legal instrument, comprising in particular provisions relating to:
types of activities requiring PAA license
high-level nuclear safety and radiation protection requirements
physical protection of nuclear materials and facilities
radioactive waste and spent fuel management
conduct of regulatory inspections
radiation monitoring and emergency preparedness and response
civil liability for nuclear damage
Regularly updated, last major revision in 2014
High-level requirements established in Atomic law are made more specific in ca. 50 supporting regulations

17. Licensing (1) PAA license is required for:
manufacturing, processing, storage, disposal, transport or use of nuclear materials, radioactive sources, radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel
construction, commissioning, operation and decommissioning of nuclear facilities (including NPPs)
construction, operation, closure and decommissioning of radioactive waste repositories
production, installation, use and maintenance of the equipment containing radioactive sources
commissioning and use of the equipment generating ionizing radiation

18. Licensing (2) Application Radiological Protection Department
License
nuclear facilities
radwaste repositories
radioactive sources
Radiological Protection Department
Nuclear Safety Department
review and assessment, supplementing submissions, inspections, …
Draft license
Council for NS and RP
President of PAA
opinion (for nuclear facilities)

19. Review of Regulatory Infrastructure Development
IAEA missions received:
Integrated Regulatory Review Service (IRRS) (2013)
Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Review INIR (preparatory mission 2010, core mission 2013)
Integrated Physical Protection Advisory Service IPPAS (1997 and 2016)
Integrated Safety Assessment for Research Reactor (INSARR) (pre-mission 2013, core mission TBD)

20. Human Resources (1)
Training of PAA regulatory Staff is a priority in order to prepare them for the implementation of the PNPP and ensure stability of employment of highly qualified experts
Provide ground for competent assessment of the project and supervision of construction and operation of the first NPP
On-the-job trainings, staff trainings, workshops, inspectors certification, etc.

21. Human Resources (2)
Faculties, majors or areas of study connected with nuclear power engineering opened in a dozen higher education institutions
National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ): largest research institute in Poland, employing over 1000 staff. Operates Poland’s only nuclear research reactor (the MARIA reactor).
Central Laboratory for Radiological Protection (CLOR): delivers professional training for radiological protection inspectors

22. Thanks and Questions