1. CH. 14 REVIEW

2. ADAM SMITH
16 June 1723 – 17 July 1790
Scottish social philosopher and political economist
Wealth of Nations
Father of modern economics and capitalism
The Theory of Moral Sentiments
Vilified property

3. MIGUEL DE CERVANTES SAAVEDRA
Born 1548 (day unknown); died 23 April 1616
Spanish writer
Don Quixote
Father of the modern novel
Father of the modern Spanish language

4. JOHN MILTON 9 December 1608 – 8 November 1674
English poet, dramatist, and civil servant
Paradise Lost
Epic Poem
About man’s fall from grace and the Garden of Eden
Metaphor for English Civil War and Restoration

5. BARUCH SPINOZA November 24, 1632 – February 21, 1677
Jewish philosopher from the Netherlands
Rationalist (opposing school to empiricism)
Called for toleration, and wrote criticism of biblical interpretation and organized religion
Ethics
Opposed Descartes’ dualism

6. VOLTAIRE 21 November 1694 – 30 May 1778
French Enlightenment philosopher and writer
Wrote mainly satire
Criticized religious dogma and intolerance
Promoted civil liberties
Candide
Attacked undue optimism about European situation

7. MARY WOLLSTONCRAFT 27 April 1759 – 10 September 1797
British writer and women’s rights activist
A Vindication of the Rights of Women
Women equal to men because both can reason
Women only appear inferior due to lack of formal education
Mother of Mary Shelley, author of Frankenstein

8. BLAISE PASCAL 19 June 1623 – 19 August 1662
French mathematician and philosopher
Invented the mechanical calculator
Pascal’s Triangle
Pascal’s Wager
Belief and nonexistence of God is better than unbelief and the existence of God

9. DAVID HUME 7 May [O.S. 26 April] 1711 – 25 August 1776
Scottish philosopher and historian
One of the great triumvirate of British Empiricism (the others being Locke and Berkeley)
A Treatise of Human Nature
We can only prove the existence of our perceptions, nothing more.
History of England