1. Population Statistics

2. Population in millions
Population Pyramids
Population pyramids are used to show information about the age and gender of people in a specific country.
Male
Female
Population in millions

3. How to Read a Population Pyramid

4. Width of the Base A wide base indicates a high birth rate
A narrow base shows a low birth rate

5. Symmetry Pyramids should be symmetrical
Any asymmetry shows a difference in the male/female population
This pyramid shows more older women, they are living longer than the men

6. Shape of the Sides Concave sides show high death rate (like this one)
Convex sides show low birth rate

7. Bumps in the Side Irregularities in the sides show anomalies
The pyramid on the left shows the Baby Boom bulge
The pyramid on the right shows a large number of male migrant workers

8. Other Causes of Anomalies
Effect of disease
22% of adults in Botswana have HIV

9. Preference for male babies
118 males are born to every 100 females in China

10. The effect of war
Look at how many more old women there are than men in Poland
The sudden blip inwards in the Cambodia pyramid shows when the Cambodian Civil War was happening

11. 3 Shapes of Population Pyramids

12. 1) Expansive Pyramid
Lots of young people
Rapid population growth

13. 2) Constrictive Pyramid
Fewer young people
Population growth is negative (it’s shrinking)

14. 3) Stationary Pyramid Somewhat equal numbers for most age groups
Population growth is neutral/stable/slow

15. Demographic Transition Model

16. Stage 1 Birth and death rates are very high
Population remains low and stable
Poor health care, lack of education for women, lack of birth control
Poor areas, isolated areas, pre-Industrial Revolution

17. Stage 2
Death rate falls due to better health care, medical advancements
Birth rate remains high though due to lack of education
Population starts to grow rapidly
Peru, Sri Lanka

18. Stage 3
Birth rates start to fall as education spreads, women start working too
Death rates continue to fall as health care and quality of life improve
Rapid population growth
China, Chile

19. Stage 4 Birth and death rates start to level out
Population stabilizes as growth has slowed
High standard of living
Australia, Canada

20. Stage 5 Birth rate falls below death rate, population starts to shrink
This is happening in places like Japan, where women have decided careers are more important than having children

21. Problems with the Demographic Transition Model
It assumes countries go through these stages in a certain order
Ex: some African countries are declining, like in stage 5, but it’s because of HIV/AIDs, not because they’re a highly industrialized country with a high standard of living

22. Into the Future…

23. Japan in 2000

24. Japan in 2025

25. Japan in 2050

26. India in 2000

27. India in 2025

28. India in 2050

29. Birth Rate (BR) : the number of live births per thousand per year
Formula: # of births x 1000
total population

30. Death rate (DR) : the number of deaths per thousand per year
Formula: # of deaths x 1000
total population

31. Natural Increase BR – DR
How much is the population increasing naturally, ie if immigration is not considered

32. Immigration rate (IR) : number of immigrants per 1,000 people per year
Immigrant: someone coming INTO the country
Formula: # of immigrants X 1000
total population

33. Emigration rate (ER) : number of emigrants leaving per 1,000 per year
Emigrant: someone leaving the country
Formula: # emigrants X 1000
total population

34. Net Migration Rate
: IR – ER

35. Population Growth Rate
(Natural Increase + Net Migration Rate) x 0.1

36. Canada Answers Birth Rate = 10.86 per thousand
Death Rate =7.22 per thousand
Natural Increase =3.64 per thousand
Imm. Rate =7.53 per thousand
Em. Rate =1.74 per thousand
Net Migration Rate =5.79 per thousand
Pop. Growth Rate = (0.9%)

37. USA Answers Birth Rate = 12.5 per thousand Death Rate = 7.96
Natural Increase = 4.54
Imm. Rate = 3.13
Em. Rate = 0.68
Net Migration Rate = 2.45
Pop. Growth Rate = 6.99 (0.7%)

38. 1 Difference : we have a much higher imm. Rate Why?
Canada is seen as more accepting, tolerant of immigrants
Healthcare, education, safety

39. 2 Difference USA has a higher death rate Why?
More violent crime in their society
Our healthcare kicks their healthcare’s butt

40. 3 Difference USA has a higher birth rate Why?
Canadian women have babies later in life, they have fewer babies, better healthcare