1. War of 1812

2. War Begins President Madison faced pressure from the War Hawks.
Settlers encroached on Indian land in the Ohio Territory.
Gen. Wm Henry Harrison attacked the Shawnee on the Tippecanoe River driving out the Shawnee

3. War Begins
Gen Harrison declared a”Glorious Victory at the Battle of Tippecanoe forcing the Shawnee chief Tecumseh to unite forces with the British.

4. War Begins
White settlers in the Ohio Valley claimed the British were supplying Tecumseh and the Shawnee with weapons.
This fueled more anger among the settlers and the War Hawks.

5. War Begins
The leading War Hawks were John Calhoun and Henry Clay who wanted to avenge British and Indian actions against the Americans.
They were eager to expand the United States power.

6. War Begins
By the spring of 1812 President James Madison concluded War with Britain was inevitable.

7. War Begins The Negatives Regular Army was < 7,000 troops
States had between 50,000 to 100,000 militia who were poorly trained.

8. War Begins The Negatives
3. The military commanders were to old for battle.
4. The Revolutionary War veterans were too old for battle. Revolutionary War ended 35 years earlier.
5. The government provided no leadership

9. War Begins The Negatives
5. The Americans underestimated the strength of the British and the Indians

10. War Begins
The War began in July 1812 when Gen. Wm. Hull took his army from Detroit into Canada where he was met by Tecumseh and Hull surrendered fearing his troops would be massacred.

11. War Begins
Gen. Wm. Henry Harrison also took his troops into Canada where his battle exploits were also unsuccessful.

12. Naval Battles
Capt. Oliver Hazard Perry of the Lake Erie naval forces had orders to defeated the British to take control of the Lake Erie Waterways.
Since the Americans took control of Lake Erie the British had to fall back from Detroit.

13. Naval Battles
In the battle of the Thames the great Indian leader Tecumseh was killed.
The Americans also attacked the town of York (Present day Toronto) and burned the Parliament Buildings to the ground

14. Naval Battles
Even with the attack on Toronto, Canada was not conquered.
American Privateers, armed private ships staged numerous victorious battles and captured several British ships.

15. Setbacks for Native Americans
The death of Tecumseh in 1813 dealt a huge blow to native Americans in their quest to forming a confederation with the Creek.

16. Setbacks for Native Americans
In addition Gen. Andrew Jackson attacked the Creek Indians killing over 550 of their people in the Battle of Horseshoe Bend.
This defeat caused the Creek to give up the majority of their land.

17. The British Offensive
In 1814 the British concluded their War with Napoleon and France with a victory at Waterloo.
This meant more forces could be dedicated to the War with America.

18. Attack on Washington DC
In August of 1814 the British sailed into Chesapeake Bay with their eye on Washington DC
British troops overpowered the American troops and marched into DC.

19. Attack on Washington DC
The British burned everything in sight including the Capitol and the White House.
Madison and his cabinet watched from the edge of town as it burned.

20. Attack on Washington DC
Fortunately a thunderstorm came along and helped put out the fires before they could spread.

21. Battle of Baltimore The British made no attempt to hold DC
They left DC heading for Baltimore, but the Militia was ready for battle.

22. Battle of Baltimore
Star Spangled Banner was written to the music of John Stafford Smith
The British were kept from entering Baltimore from American defenses and bombardments from Fort McHenry.
During the Bombardment Francis Scott Key wrote “The Star Spangled Banner.”

23. Defeat at Plattsburg
While Baltimore is being attacked, British Gen. Geo. Prevost led 10,000 troops from Canada into NY State with a goal of capturing Plattsburg.

24. Defeat at Plattsburg
The invasion was thwarted when an American Naval force on Lake Champlain defeated the British fleet in 1814.
The British retreated to Canada.

25. Defeat at Plattsburg
After the Battle of Lake Champlain the British thought the War was too costly and that to continue fighting was not worth the time or treasure.

26. The War Ends
American and British representatives signed a peace agreement in Dec in Ghent, Belgium. The Treaty of Ghent did not change existing borders, or speak to impressment of sailors.

27. The War Ends
Before the word of the treaty had spread throughout America, a major battle occurred in Louisiana.
British troops tried to move into New Orleans where they met by Gen. Andrew Jackson and slaughtered hundreds of British soldiers; The Battle of New Orleans

28. Aftermath of the War
New England Federalists, unhappy with the war, gathered at the Hartford convention center.
Some wanted secession.
With the victory in NO, their grievances seemed unpatriotic.
After the war the U.S. gained a new respect from countries around the world.

29. Review
Why did New England federalists loose support after the end of the War?
Why was the Battle of Champlain an important victory?
Why did people from the North, South and West feel differently about the war?

30. Review-Answers
They looked unpatriotic since they opposed the war and wanted to amend the constitution.
It secured the Northern border for the Americans, and persuaded Britain to end the War.
People from the West and South thought it would make land more available. Northerners saw advantages to going to war.