1. The War of 1812 Chapter 9, Section 4

2. War Begins American victory wouldn’t come easy—we made a series of errors. Regular army consisted of ______ troops, states had between ________ and _______ militiamen. Units were poorly trained and many states did not support “_______________ War”. Veterans of Rev. War. were too old, govt. did not provide good leadership, and we underestimated the strength of the bond between the British and their allies, the Native Americans. July 1812—General ____________ led army into Canada from Detroit to start war. Met by Tecumseh—Hull surrendered right away @ Detroit. William Henry Harrison was unsuccessful as well. As long as British controlled ____________, Americans could not enter Canada.

3. Naval Battles Oliver Hazard Perry was in charge of Lake Erie naval forces & was sent to seize lake from _______ Showdown took place on Sept. 10, 1813. Perry defeated British in bloody battle. He sent message to Harrison that said, “We have met the enemy and they are ours!” British and N. Americans tried to pull back from Detroit, but... Harrison cut them off at the __________________. On October 5, N. Amer. leader Tecumseh was killed. Americans also conquered York (present-day Toronto). Republicans had lowered national debt by reducing size of navy, however...

4. Naval Battles Boasted 3 of fastest __________--warships on sea. _______________--old ironsides. Guerriere Java Relied upon __________--armed private ships—in order to gain important victories (boosted morale). Death of Tecumseh left N. Amer. w/o a leader: He discussed plans to form a confederation w/the Creeks in Mississippi Territory. Tennessee planter ______________ attacked Creeks & slaughtered over 550 at the Battle of __________________. Forced them to give up most of their land.

5. The British Offensive British defeated Napolean—now they could send more troops to America. August 1814—British sailed into _______________. Destination = Washington D.C. British troops overpowered U.S. troops and proceeded to immediately burn and destroy anything that related to govt. Capitol and president’s mansion were burned. Madison & cabinet watched from a distance as the sky turned orange. Violent thunderstorm helped put out blazes. British, however, did not hold onto Washington. Left city and proceeded to ____________________. Americans were ready! Barricaded roads, blocked harbor, and over 13,000 militiamen.

6. Baltimore Holds Firm Mid-September—British attack, but are held out b/c of a vicious defense & constant bombardment from _______________ in the harbor! Nights of Sept. 13-14, young lawyer named __________________ watched bombs burst over Ft. McHenry. Wrote the “_____________________________” b/c he could still see the flag flying over fort by the dawn’s early light. Simultaneously, General Sir George Prevost led 10,000 British troops into NY State from Canada. British goal was to capture ______________. U.S. naval force on Lake Champlain defeated British fleet on water. British knew U.S. ships could bombard them on land, so they fled back to Canada.

7. The War Ends After Battle of _______________, British decided war was: Too costly. Unnecessary. They would gain little & was not worth the effort. U.S. & Britain signed the __________________. Took place in Ghent, Belgium. Before word of treaty reached U.S.—one major battle took place: Battle of ________________. British troops moved toward New Orleans. Andrew Jackson waited for them and hundreds of Redcoats were killed in a gruesome battle. Key American victory. Helped Jackson become a hero & helped him win presidency in 182