1. Art Review AP European History
How would you break any Art topic down in an FRQ?

2. Italian Renaissance (1500-1520 Height)
Style Characteristics of Italian Renaissance artwork:
How different in the North?
Early Renaissance Artists: (pre-1500s)
Masaccio – humans as 3D – painted “Tribute Money”
Donatello – sculptor – “David” – first in-the-round sculpture
Botticelli – Famous for his nudes – “Birth of Venus”
Ghiberti – Doors of the Baptistry
Brunelleschi – Dome in Florence

3. Italian Artists High Renaissance Artists Michelangelo Leonardo Raphael
architect, sculptor, painter, poet, and engineer
Pieta, Sistine Chapel, David
Leonardo
Architect, sculptor, painter, engineer
Mona Lisa, Last Supper, his “notebooks
Raphael
Rich and wildly successful
School of Athens, many Madonna and child
Titian
Established oil on canvas as preferred medium
Venetian school – textured, color, and mood

4. Botticelli, The Birth of Venus
Masaccio, Tribute Money

5. Northern Renaissance vs. Italian Renaissance Art
Specialty
Ideal beauty
Intense realism – extremely detailed
Style
Simplified forms
Lifelike features
Subjects
Religious/Mythical
Religious/domestic scenes
Figures
Heroic male nudes
Prosperous citizens
Portraits
Formal, reserved
Individual personality
Emphasis
Anatomical structure
Visible appearance
Technique
Fresco and oil
Oil on wood panels

6. Northern Renaissance (1420-1600)
Low Countries:
Jan van Eyck
credited with inventing oil painting
Extreme Detail – Arnolfini Wedding
Bosch
Irrational dream imagery – bizarre imagination
Paintings suggest punishment for sinners
Bruegel
Landscapes Common
Painter of Peasants – Peasant Wedding

8. Northern Renaissance - continued
Germany:
Hans Holbein the Younger
Known as the greatest
portraitist ever
Court painter for
Henry VIII
Albrecht Durer:
Big on woodcuts –
first to use printmaking as
a major medium for art

9. Baroque Art (1600-1750) Style Characteristics:
Term negatively used to mean ostentatious and overwrought
Started by Italian Popes in Counter-reformation to display Catholic triumph
Found in Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, Spain, England, and France – all had different styles
Also architecture: Palace of Versailles – Hall of Mirrors

10. Early Style ( )
Late Style ( )
Used dramatic light/dark contrasts - chiaroscuro
Use golden-brown, subtle shadings
Design seems to burst frame
Static, brooding atmosphere
Scenes featured groups of figures
Scenes have a single impact
Based on physical action
Implied psychological reaction
Vigorous, melodramatic tone
Quiet, solemn mood
Highly finished detailed technique
Painted with broad, thick strokes

11. Artists of the Baroque Caravaggio Bernini
Conversion of St. Paul, specialized in large religious works
Secularized religious art – make saints look human
Bernini
Dynamic, explosive energy
Ecstasy of St. Theresa masterpiece

13. Rococo ( )
How is it different from Baroque? A few keys… (seen by some as height of Baroque)
Only in Paris in the reign of Louis XV
Decorative, nonfunctional – primarily used for interior decoration – “pretty”
Mood is playful, alive, light, graceful – curves featured over straight lines
Pastel and metallic hues
Pretty pink nudes – naked babies!

15. Neoclassicism ( )
Reflected “the glory that was Greece, and the grandeur that was Rome.” – Edgar Allan Poe
Made world care when Greek independence movement occurred in 1830
Revival of Classicism in painting, sculpture, and architecture
Directly resulted from the Enlightenment’s need for order and progress
Solemn style, subjects are often famous Greek/Roman figures or gods
Founded by Jacques-Louis David ( )

16. Paintings by David
Death of Socrates
Death of Marat

17. Romanticism ( )
Reaction against the reason and order of the Enlightenment and Neoclassicism
Intuition, Imagination, Emotion
Subjects: Legends, exotic, nature, violence
Light and dark contrast common
Nature is very tempestuous
Began with Gericault’s Raft of the Medusa

18. Lady Liberty Leading the People
Wanderer Above a Sea of Fog, Caspar Friedrich
Arabian Horses Fighting in a
Stable

19. Realism (1850-1900 approx) Developed after 1848 Revolutions
Direct result of the harsh realities of the Industrial Revolution
Different from previous art in that subjects are not idealized or sensationalized
Centered on precise imitation of visual perceptions without alteration
Focused primarily on peasants and the working-class
Edgar Degas

20. The New Orleans Cotton Exchange, Edgar Degas
The Gleaners, Jean Francious Millet

21. Impressionism (1860s-1886)
Rejected balance, perspective, idealized figures, and chiaroscuro
Represented immediate visual sensations through color and light
Portrayed the “impression,” the initial sensation of the moment by the artist
Shows how color changes with different light
Short, choppy brushstrokes

22. Impressionism (Cont.) Famous artists include:
Manet – contemporary scenes with a hard edge
Monet – landscapes, waterfront, water lilies
Renoir – voluptuous females, café society, children, flowers
Degas – ballerinas, café societies, horse races

23. Degas, Prima Ballerina
Monet, Rouen Cathedral
Monet, Waterlilies
Renoir, Luncheon of the
Boating Party

24. Post-Impressionism (1880-1905)
French phenomenon – distinguished from Impressionism by their brightly lit canvases – wanted art to be substantial and not a “fleeting, passing moment”
Divided into 2 camps:
Formal, near scientific design
Seurat – pointillism – painted leisure activities in Paris
Cezanne – still lifes with fruit, landscapes – pre-Cubism focus on geometric shapes
Emotional and sensation-driven design
Gauguin – exotic primitivism
Van Gogh – Passionate, vibrant self-portraits and flowers
Toulouse-Latrec – cabaret nightlife

25. Toulouse-Latrec, At the Moulin Rouge
Van Gogh, Starry Night
Seurat, A Sunday on La Grande Jette
Cezanne, Mont Sainte-Victoire

26. Expressionism ( )
Insisted that art should express the artists’ feelings instead of images of the real world
Use of distorted, exaggerated forms and colors for emotional impact
Began in Germany
Wood-cuts also typical
Edvard Munch, The Scream

27. Cubism ( )
Broke objects into a multitude of pieces and shapes – more about invention than realistic portrayal
Picasso best
example
Picasso, Guernica
Picasso, Self-Portrait

28. Modern Architecture
“International Style” or Chicago Style of the 1920s
Science and industry key, steamlined designs
Glass and steel common
Frank Lloyd Wright
Guggenheim Museum, New York

29. Dadaism (1916-1923) “A World Gone Gaga”
Seemed nonsensical, but protested the madness of war
Goal is to overthrow all authority and cultivate absurdity
Hoped to shock and awaken the imagination

30. Surrealism ( s)
Grew out of Freudian free-association and dream analysis
Incorporated the bizarre and irrational to express the real truths
Main proponent
was Salvador Dali
Salvador Dali, The Visage of War

31. Abstract Expressionism (late 1940s-early 1950s)
Abstract Expressionism: stressed energy, action, kineticism, and freneticism
Reaction to World War II and typical images
Jackson Pollock
abandoned the
paintbrush to slosh
pour, and drip
Jackson Pollock, Lavender Mist No. 1

32. Pop Art (early 1960s) Determine subjects directly from Pop Culture
Shiny colors, snappy designs, large size
Best example:
Andy Warhol