1. Dramatic Devices
Unit II

2. allusion
An indirect reference to a famous person, place, event or literary work.

3. Tragedy
A dramatic work that presents the downfall of a dignified character of characters who are involved in historically or socially significant events.
Examples:
Romeo & Juliet

4. Act
A major division within a play, similar to a chapter in a book.

5. A character who provides a striking contrast to another character.
foil
A character who provides a striking contrast to another character.

6. aside
In drama, an aside is a short speech directed to the audience, or another character, that is not heard by the other characters on stage.

7. Soliloquy
In drama, a soliloquy is a speech in which a character speaks his or her thoughts aloud.

8. chorus
The chorus in a drama is much like the role of a narrator of a novel or story. The chorus provides some structure to the narrative and can provide information and commentary outside of the actors’ lines.

9. Drama
Literature in which plots and characters are developed through dialogue and action; in other words, it is literature in play form.

10. Comic relief
An author's use of humor to give the reader or audience an emotional break from the tension and heavy mood of a serious or tragic plot. This can include humorous characters, clever dialogue, and funny scenes.

11. Tragic hero
A person who faces adversity, or demonstrates courage, in the face of danger. However, sometimes he faces downfall as well. The hero confronts his downfall whether due to fate, or by his own mistake, or any other social reason.

12. pun
A pun is a play on words in which a humorous effect is produced by using a word that suggests two or more meanings or by exploiting similar sounding words having different meanings.

13. scene
A dramatic sequence taking place within a single locale (or setting) on stage. Often scenes serve as the subdivision of an act within a play.

14. Stage directions
The printed text in a play that is not actually spoken by actors on stage, but which instead indicates actions or activity for the actors to engage in.

15. Tragic flaw
A misperceptions, a lack of some important insight, or some blindness that ironically results form one’s own strengths and abilities.

16. Dramatic Irony
When the audience (of a movie, play, etc.) understands something about a character's actions or an event but the characters do not.

17. archetype
A typical character, an action or a situation that seems to represent such universal patterns of human nature. An archetype, also known as universal symbol, may be a character, a theme, a symbol or even a setting.

18. Cast of characters
Used to refer to a group of people who have important roles in a book, story, or event

19. Main character
These are the most important characters in the story. There are two types, of which there may be a couple for each.
Protagonist
Antagonist

20. Minor character
These are the other characters in a story. They are not as important as the major characters, but still play a large part in the story. Their actions help drive the story forward. They may impact the decisions the protagonist or antagonist make, either helping or interfering with the conflict.
Foil
Static
Dynamic
Flat
Round
Stock

21. A dynamic character undergoes substantial internal changes as a result of one or more plot developments. The dynamic character's change can be extreme or subtle, as long as his or her development is important to the book's plot or themes.
At the beginning of To Kill a Mockingbird the main character, Scout, is a young girl who, like most young kids, is generally self-focused and lacking in empathy, as evidenced by her voyeuristic curiosity in her strange neighbor Boo Radley. By the end of the novel, after seeing the impact of poverty, racism, and other injustices, she has grown and is able to see the world from Boo Radley's point of view.
Dynamic character

22. Static character
Does not change his or her morals, behavior, or ideas over the course of a story—or they change very little. A static character's emotions, personality, and psychology will be the same at the end of a story as they are at its beginning.
Villains are typically static characters—evil at the outset, evil until their last breath.

23. Round character
A character that seems realistic because they have both good and bad qualities, complex motivations for their actions, and conflicting desires. As the story develops and more details are revealed about a round character, he or she tends to seem increasingly complex and nuanced. Round characters are known to contain contradictions, act unpredictably, or change their minds about things—much like real people.

24. Flat character
A flat character is a type of character in fiction that does not change too much from the start of the narrative to its end. Flat characters are often said not to have any emotional depth.

25. comedy
Comedy is a literary genre and a type of dramatic work that is amusing and satirical in its tone, mostly having a cheerful ending. The idea of this dramatic work is achievement over unpleasant circumstance by which to create comic effects, resulting in happy or successful conclusion. Thus, the purpose of comedy is to please the audience.

26. dialogue
A dialogue is a literary technique in which writers employ two or more characters to be engaged in conversation with each other.

27. prologue
An opening of a story that establishes the setting and gives background details. Generally speaking, the main function of a prologue tells some earlier story and connects it to the main story. Similarly, it is serves as a means to introduce characters of a story and throws light on their roles.

28. epilogue
Epilogue is the opposite of prologue, a piece of writing at the beginning of a literary work. An epilogue is part of the main story, occurring after the climax and revealing the fates of the characters. Usually, it may be set a few hours later or far in the future where the writer speaks to the readers indirectly through the point of view of a different character.

29. Mise en scène encompasses the most recognizable attributes of a film – the setting and the actors; it includes costumes and make-up, props, and all the other natural and artificial details that characterize the spaces filmed. 
The term is borrowed from a French theatrical expression, meaning roughly “put into the scene”.
Mise en Scene

30. prop
A prop, formally known as (theatrical) property, is an object used on stage or on screen by actors during a performance or screen production. In practical terms, a prop is considered to be anything movable or portable on a stage or a set, distinct from the actors, scenery, costumes, and electrical equipment.

31. script
A written version of a play or other dramatic composition.