1. What is it? How is it achieved?
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Imagery in Literature
What is it?
How is it achieved?

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What is imagery?
Imagery is when a writer uses vivid, figurative or descriptive langauge to:
appeal to the reader’s senses
help the reader create a picture in their mind
add depth to their work
help the reader feel present in the moment
communicate the world of the text to the reader

3. Types of imagery Visual Auditory Kinesthetic Olfactory Gustatory
Tactile
Organic
Categories or groups of connected images

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Visual Imagery
This appeals to our sense of sight. “The crimson liquid spilled from the neck of the white dove, staining and matting its pure, white feathers.”

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Auditory Imagery
This describes sound. "....Which has its sounds, familiar, like the roar Of trees and crack of branches, common things, But nothing so like beating on a box“ (From 'An Old Man’s Winter Night' by Robert Frost)

6. Kinesthetic Imagery WRITE THIS INTO YOUR NOTEBOOK!
This describes a sense of movement or tension.
"Tossing their heads in sprightly dance"
(from 'Daffodils' by W. Wordsworth)

7. Olfactory Imagery This helps to summon and deliver smells to readers.
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Olfactory Imagery
This helps to summon and deliver smells to readers.
"Gio's socks, still soaked with sweat from Tuesday's P.E. class, filled the classroom with an aroma akin to that of salty, week- old, rotting fish"

8. Gustatory Imagery This illustrates taste, of food or other things.
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Gustatory Imagery
This illustrates taste, of food or other things.
“Forgive me they were delicious so sweet and so cold“
From the poem "This Is Just to Say" by William Carlos Williams)

9. Tactile Imagery This appeals to the reader’s sense of touch.
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Tactile Imagery
This appeals to the reader’s sense of touch.
'The bed linens might just as well be ice and the clothes snow.'
From Robert Frost's "The Witch of Coos"

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Organic Imagery
This concentrates on recreating internal sensations like hunger, thirst, fear or fatigue. “Weary and without hope of rest, I continued my tiring journey.”

11. Categories or groups of Connected images
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Categories or groups of Connected images
This is when writers use images that can be connected or grouped together in a similar category.
What the hammer? what the chain, 
In what furnace was thy brain?
What the anvil? what dread grasp, 
Dare its deadly terrors clasp!
‘The Tyger’ by William Blake
You will discuss this type the most.

12. How do writers create imagery?
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How do writers create imagery?
Writers use a variety of techniques including:
Figurative language (metaphor, simile, personification, etc.)
Adjectives and descriptive language
Comparisons
Contrasts
Allusions
Onomatopoeia (auditory and kinesthetic)
Symbolism
Concrete details (e.g. the bag was made of leather)
Sensory details (e.g. the bag smelled of leather)

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Blessing
Imtiaz Dharker

14. Think and Challenge What are the most important things in your life?
Why are they important to you?

15. ‘Blessing’
What connotations (associations) do you have with this word?
What do you think of?

16. Discuss
Think about a typical day. How many times do you use water? What for?
Imagine you had no water. What sorts of problems would this cause?
How do people change when the sun comes out? How does it make you feel?
What other weather changes can affect you? How?

17. What words would you use to describe the sounds water makes?

18. Think, Pair and Share Imtiaz Dharker
Imtiaz Dharker was born in Pakistan, but moved to Glasgow when she was less than a year old. She spends her time between India and Britain.
1. What could this suggest about her poetry?
Challenge: Do you think her poetry is going to be positive or negative?

19. Dharavi
Dharavi
The poem we are looking at today is set in a slum on the outskirts of Mumbai in India called Dharavi. The temperature here can reach 40 degrees and is home to millions of migrants from across India. There is always a shortage of water here because it is not an official living area.
Facts
Dharavi is spread over an area of 175 hectares and has a population of around 1 million.
There is only 1 toilet per 1,456 people.
Up to 6 people may share one bedroom.
Most people have to walk about 15 minutes to get water as none of the houses have running taps.
QUESTION:
What do you think the most important things in these people’s lives are?

20. What Happens?
The poem describes how precious water is to communities like those in Dharavi. There are three main parts to the poem.
The poet describes the slum and explains what life is like without water.
Question: What is water compared to here that makes us realise how important water is to the community?
A water pipe bursts – people frantically gather as much water as they can in whatever container they can find.
Question: How is punctuation and line length used here to illustrate this?
3. The slum children and described playing and laughing in the water.
Question: Which words in the poem emphasize the religious themes which run through it?

21. Word Detective
Find words in the poem that are linked to water and highlight or underline them.
Find words in the poem that show how valuable water is. Highlight or underline them in a different colour.

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Imagery
Images
Effect
The skin cracks like a pod
The sudden rush/ of fortune
Silver crashes to the ground
Frantic hands

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Structure
How many stanzas has the poet used?
Why has the poet structured the poem in this way?
Is there any rhyme or alliteration in this poem and why?

24. Tasks: Highlight words that show the poverty of the community.
List any religious imagery you can find in the poem. Say why you think the poet has used these words.   

25. Homework Complete a new table in your poetry guide for Blessing.
PEE paragraph –
Explore how the poet presents water in the poem ‘Blessing’?