1. Vitamins

2. VITAMINS
REQUIREMENT
SOURCES
FUNCTIONS
DEFICIENCY
Vitamin A
600 µg/day
Liver, Egg, Butter, Cheese, Fish, meat, Green leafy vegetables, papaya, mango.
Production of retinal pigments.
Support skeletal growth
Anti infective
Protect from cancers
Maintain integrity and function of granular and epithelial tissue
Night blindness
Conjunctival xerosis
Corneal ulceration
Keratomalacia
Vitamin D
2.5µg/day
Liver, Egg yolk, butter, cheese.
Promotes absorption and reabsorption of Ca and P.
Stimulates mineralization of bone
Enhances bone resorption
Permits normal growth
Rickets
Osteomalacia
Vitamin E
0.8mg/g of essential fatty acids
Vegetable oils, butter, egg yolk.
Antioxidant
Sterility
Hemolytic and hypo plastic anemia
Degenerative changes in muscles and heart.

3. VITAMINS
REQUIREMENTS
SOURCES
FUNCTIONS
DEFICIENCY
Vitamin K
0.03mg/kg/day
Fresh green leafy vegetables, cow’s milk, intestinal bacteria(K2)
Stimulate the production of coagulation factors.
Blood clotting time prolonged.
Bleeding
Prothrombin content of blood decreases.
Thiamine (Vit B1)
1.5mg/day
Whole grain cereals, wheat, gram, yeast, pulses, oil seeds, nuts, meat, fish egg.
Involved in direct oxidation pathway for glucose
Essential for utilization of carbohydrates.
Beriberi
Wernicke’s -encephalopathy opthalmoplegia polyneuritis, ataxia
Riboflavin (Vit B2)
0.6mg/1000kcal of energy
Milk, egg, liver, kidney, green leafy vegetables
Cellular oxidation
Co-factor
Angular stomatitis
Cheilosis
Glossitis

4. VITAMINS
REQUIREMENTS
SOURCES
FUNCTIONS
DEFICIENCY
Niacin
18mg/day
Liver, kidney, meat, fish, legumes, ground nut
Metabolism of carbohydrate, fat and proteins.
Normal functioning of skin, intestine, nervous system
Pellagra
Glossitis
Stomatitis
Pyridoxine (Vit B6)
2mg/day
Milk, liver, meat, egg yolk, fish, legumes, vegetables
Metabolism of amino acids fat, carbohydrates
Peripheral neuritis
Pantothenic acid
10mg/day
All foods
Biosynthesis of corticosteroids
Folate (Folacin and folic acid)
100µg/day
Liver, meat, dairy products, egg, milk, fruits , cereals
Synthesis of the nucleic acids
Normal development of blood cells in the marrow
Found during pregnancy and lactation- Megaloblastic anemia, Glossitis, Cheilosis, diarrhoea

5. VITAMINS
REQUIREMENTS
SOURCES
FUNCTIONS
DEFICIENCY
Vitamin B12
1µg/day
Liver, kidney, meat, fish, egg, milk, cheese
Synthesized by bacteria in the colon
Synthesis of fatty acids myelin
Synthesis of DNA along with Folate
Megaloblastic anemia (Pernicious anemia)
Demyelinating neurological lesions in the spinal cord
infertility
Vitamin C
60mg/day
Fresh fruits, green leafy vegetables, germinating pulses
Formation of collagen
Tissue oxidation
Formation of hemoglobin
Absorption of iron from the intestinal wall.
Scurvy- Swollen bleeding gums, subcutaneous bruising into the skin and joints, anemia and weakness