1. Ancient Rome and Early Christianity (509 B.C.-A.D. 476)
Lesson 1 The Roman Republic

2. Ancient Rome and Early Christianity (509 B.C.-A.D. 476)
Lesson 1 The Roman Republic
Learning Objectives
Describe the development of the classical civilization of Rome.
Outline how the Roman republic was structured and governed.
Understand the rights and religious practices that characterized Roman society.
Explain how the Roman republic grew and used its political influence.

3. Ancient Rome and Early Christianity (509 B.C.-A.D. 476)
Lesson 1 The Roman Republic
Key Terms
Etruscans
republic.
patricians,
consuls
dictator
Plebeians
tribunes,
veto,
legion,

4. The Rise of the Roman Civilization
Rome rose from a small city-state on the Italian peninsula to become the dominant power in the Mediterranean world. Roman law ruled over a vast, ethnically diverse empire. Rome's 1000-year history had many lasting effects, including the spread of important aspects of the civilizations of Greece, Egypt, and the Fertile Crescent into Europe.

5. The Rise of the Roman Civilization
The Italian Peninsula
Early Settlements in Italy

6. The Rise of the Roman Civilization
Analyze Maps Various ancient civilizations lived on the Italian peninsula around 500 B.C. What was one of Rome's geographical advantages?

7. The Rise of the Roman Civilization
The Romans learned Etruscan engineering techniques, including how to build the arch, a foundation of structural design.

8. The Early Roman Republic
In 509 B.C., the Romans drove out their Etruscan king. This date is traditionally considered to mark the founding of the Roman state. Determined never again to be ruled by a monarch, the Romans set up a new government in which officials were chosen by male citizens. They called it res publica, or “that which belongs to the people.” This form of government, in which people choose their officials, is today called a republic. In a republic, Romans thought, no single individual would be able to gain too much power.

9. The Early Roman Republic
Structure of Rome's Republic
Plebeians Demand Equality
A Lasting Legacy

10. The Early Roman Republic
Rome enacted a law that formalized the career path of Roman officials. Called the Cursus Honorum, it became the foundation of Rome's political system. Offices had to be held in a certain order and advancement was based on merit and experience.

11. The Early Roman Republic
The senate was the governing vehicle of Roman society. Issues were addressed and debated by its 300 members.

12. The Early Roman Republic
Analyze Charts Posting the Laws of the Twelve Tables in the Forum made Rome's laws accessible to all of its citizens. Which of the Twelve Tables laws dealt with family law?

13. Roman Society
The family was the basic unit of Roman society. Under Roman law, the male head of the household—usually the father—had absolute power in the family. He enforced strict discipline and demanded total respect for his authority. His wife was subject to his authority and was not allowed to administer her own affairs. The ideal Roman woman was loving, dutiful, dignified, and strong.

14. Roman Society The Role of Women Roman Education
Roman Mythology and Religion

15. Roman Society
Roman life was centered on the family and religious practice. Religious worship included sacrifices to the gods.

16. The Roman Republic Expands
The Roman Republic lasted almost 500 years, During that time, its armies expanded Roman power across Italy. First, they conquered their neighbors in central Italy, including the Etruscans. Then they overpowered the Greek city-states in the south. By about 270 b.c., Rome controlled most of the Italian peninsula.

17. The Roman Republic Expands
Citizen-Soldiers
Rome's Treatment of Conquered People
Building Unity

18. The Roman Republic Expands
Analyze Maps Roman power and influence increased as its armies conquered new territories. Which territories were gained by Rome from 264 to 44 B.C.?

19. The Roman Republic Expands
In battle, Rome's legions of citizen-soldiers were fierce, well-armed, and disciplined. The spoils of war was payment for their services.

20. Quiz: The Rise of the Roman Civilization
The Romans learned much from the Etruscan civilization, including
A. military techniques
B. the Latin language
C. the framework of government
D. engineering and the alphabet

21. Quiz: The Early Roman Republic
When plebeians initially gained representation in the senate, what position did they fill?
A. Consuls
B. Tribunes
C. Patricians
D. Censors

22. Quiz: Roman Society
Religion played an important role in Roman society, helping to
A. improve the rights of women
B. redistribute wealth
C. win military campaigns
D. create a sense of community

23. Quiz: The Roman Republic Expands
The Romans allowed conquered peoples to keep their own customs, money, and local government if they agreed to
A. serve in a political office
B. work for the government
C. pay taxes
D. convert to Christianity