1. The Roman World Takes Shape 5.1 Mr. James

2. The upper class of early Roman society were called_________ The lower class of early Roman society were called_________ The Romans established the form of government known as a _________ or “that which belongs to the people” The ancestors of the Romans were the ________(s) and they settled along the Tiber river. Each year, senators nominated two_______(s) from the upper class. They were too supervise the government and command the armies. a.Latin e. Patrician b.Legion f. Plebian c.Carthaginian g. Consul d.Etruscan h. Republic

3. Objectives Describe the physical and cultural settings in which Roman civilization arose. Outline how the Roman Republic was structured. Explain how the Roman republic grew and maintained its conquests.

4. Mediterranean Area Today

5. Influence of Geography How did the geography of the Italian Peninsula benefit ancient Romans? Italian peninsula is centrally located in the Mediterranean Sea City of Rome sits towards center of Italy The Apennines The Tiber (food/trans) The 7 hills -pasture land and wood -fertile plain (good soil)

6. The Origins of Rome Early Peoples Settle Italy The Myth – Romulus and Remus – Sons of Mars (War God)

7. The Reality The Latins (from North of the Alps) – 753 BC founding of the city of Rome on Palatine hill The Etruscans (from Asia Minor) – Arrived in 800 BC by 625 BC ruled all of Northern Italy (Tuscany) – Influences on Rome: Military org (phalanx), Chariots, Engineering,, Gladiators Greek Influences? – Greek alphabet – Religion (also through the Etruscans)

8. Greek settlements in Italy

9. Res Publica Etruscan Domination of the City of Rome (c. 625 BC – 509 BC) Etruscan Kings ruled for life after the approval of the Senate and the citizens –Etruscans Kings Pushed out by 509 BC due to bad monarchy –In their place the Romans founded a Republic (Defn?)

10. Structuring the Early Republic Patricians v. Plebeians Citizenship required descent from 2 Roman parents Republic controlled by the senate – members were all patricians Senators nominated two consuls for one term - How did this create a system of “checks and balances? During times of war, or national emergency the senate elected a dictator

11. Plebeians Fight for Rights Plebeians slowly gained more rights –How? The 12 tables (451 BC) No enslavement for debt Marry Patricians Eventually won the right to become Consul / Senator Tribunes with veto power

12. The Roman Army All citizens had to serve Legions: Each with its own standard and legionary Eagles –Auxiliary troops made up of non-citizens were called on to support the regular army –Discipline: Decimation by phalanx

13. Roman Expansion in Italy By 265 BC had conquered most of Italy Life under Roman Rule –Citizenship (half) –Allies by treaty –All had to acknowledge Roman superiority, pay taxes and supply soldiers

14. Exercise Table in skill packet Similarities and Differences Which one is more democratic?

15. Comparing Governments