1. Dr. R. Arief Nugroho, S.S., M.Hum.
Word Formation
Meeting 4-5
ENGLISH MORPHOLOGY
Dr. R. Arief Nugroho, S.S., M.Hum.

2. Presentation Outline Root vs. Non-root Open-closed classes Affixations
Inflectional-Derivational Morphemes

3. Affix: a morpheme which only occurs when attached to some other morpheme or morphemes, such as a root/stem/base
Prefix: an affix attached before a root/stem/base
Ex: re-make, in-decent, un-tidy
Suffix: an affix attached after a root (or stem or base)
Ex: kind-ly, wait-er, book-s
Infix: an affix inserted into the root itself
Ex: very rare in English, colloquial/slang

4. Open class: parts of speech (word classes) that readily accept new members. It consists of nouns, lexical verbs, adjectives, adverbs
Closed class: no new word. It can’t accept new members. It consists of prepositions, determiners, conjunctions

5. Faiths, faithfully, unfaithful, faithfulness Frogmarched Bookstores
Window-cleaners
Hardships
Inflectional? Derivational? Roots? Stems? Bases?
Inflectional
Derivational
Roots
Stems
Bases
-ed
un-
Faith -s
-ful
Frog
Frogmarch
Faithful
-ly
March
Bookstore
-er
Clean
Windowcleaner
-ness
Hard
Hardship
Window-clean
-ship
Window
Window-cleaner
Book
Store

6. Adds only grammatical information. Never changes the part of speech
Are used to make (or derive) new words. In particular, it is used to change a word from one grammatical class to another
Try these
Inflectional in: Noun? Verb? Adjective?
Noun forming suffix?
Adjective forming suffix?
Verb forming suffix
Noun: -s plural; Verb: -ed past tense, -s 3rd person present tense, -ing present participle; Adjective: -er comparative, -est superlative
Noun forming: speaker, economics: Adjective forming: personal, active; Verb forming: victimize, vocalize

7. Child-children
Tooh-teeth
Man-men
Conclusion
Irregular inflection, replacive allomorph

8. Multiple affixations can take place in a number of rounds, with the output created by one round of affixation serving as the input to a later round
Ex: root dict (‘speak’, ‘say’) as in dictate
DictV
ContradictV
ContradictoryAdj
ContradictorinessN
Try: Nation

9. Compounding (at a glance) can contain at least two bases which are both words, or root morphemes
Ex: Teapot, Weekend, Hairdresser, Kindhearted
Concatenation analysis:
[[tea]N [pot]N] → [teapot]N
[[hair]N [dress]v [-er]N] → [hairdresser]N
Try:
Weekend, kindhearted

10. TATAP MATA SAYA, LET’S ROCK EXERCISE 3
STOP BEING ‘GALAU’, EH? LET’S ROCK THE EXERCISE 2

11. Exercise
Now take a look at the printed exercise. Do it at home. This exercise also functions as Quiz 2. Submit this exercise-quiz tomorrow PM.