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Acids & Bases What are some common acids that you know of?

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Presentation on theme: "Acids & Bases What are some common acids that you know of?"— Presentation transcript:

1 Acids & Bases What are some common acids that you know of?
What are some common bases that you know of? Are acids or bases more harmful to the human body? Explain your answer. Are all acids harmful to your body? What is a pH scale and how is it used?

2 Goals To determine the difference between Acids & Bases.
Be able to identify common acids and bases. To understand what a pH scale is and how to use one.

3 Acid & Bases Acids produce H+ ions in water
The more H + ions, the more acidic the solution. Bases produce OH- ions in water. Has a lower concentration of H+

4 Svante Arrhenius HCl Water H+(aq) + Cl- (aq)
Focused on what ions were formed when acids and bases dissolved in water Acids produce H+ in aqueous solutions HCl Water H+(aq) + Cl- (aq) Bases produce OH- in aqueous solutions NaOH Water Na+(aq) + OH- (aq)

5 Properties Acids Bases Produce H+ ions (H30+) in water pH<7
Taste sour Corrode metals React with bases to form salts and water Turns blue litmus paper red. Electrolytes Produce OH- ions in water pH>7 Taste bitter, chalky Feel soapy, slippery React with acids to form salts and water Turns red litmus paper blue. Electrolytes

6 Examples of Acids ACID FORMULA STRENGTH USES Hydrochloric acid HCl
Strong Cleaning & food processing. Adjusting the pH of swimming pools Sulfuric acid 𝐻 2 𝑆𝑂 4 Car batteries, paints Nitric acid 𝐻𝑁𝑂 3 Fertilizers & explosives Acetic acid 𝐶𝐻 3 COOH Weak Vinegar, chemicals, plastics and medicines Citric acid 𝐶 6 𝐻 8 𝑂 7 Flavorings, candies, and soft drinks, fruits Acetic Acid = Vinegar Citric Acid = lemons, limes, & oranges. It is in many sour candies such as lemonhead & sour patch. Ascorbic acid = Vitamin C which your body needs to function. Sulfuric acid is used in the production of fertilizers, steel, paints, and plastics. Car batteries

7 Examples of Bases BASE FORMULA STRENGTH USES Potassium hydroxide KOH
Strong Drain cleaners, bleach, manufacturing soaps Sodium hydroxide NaOH Drain cleaners, manufacturing soaps Calcium hydroxide 𝐶𝑎(𝑂𝐻) 2 Making cement, plaster Ammonia 𝑁𝐻 3 Weak Fertilizers and many cleaners Pyridine 𝐶 5 𝐻 5 𝑁 Vitamins and Medicines Baking Soda 𝑁𝑎𝐻𝐶𝑂 3 Cooking or antacid

8 pH is a measure of how acidic or basic a solution is.
The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. Acidic solutions have pH values below 7 A solution with a pH of 7 is neutral. Pure water has a pH of 7. Basic solutions have pH values above 7.

9 pH Scale Acidic Basic Acid Base Water Salt HCl + NaOH H2O + NaCl
HBr  +  KOH   H2O  +  KBr

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11 Sour Candies

12 Indicators A compound that can reversibly change color in a solution depending on the concentration of H30+ ions.

13 LITMUS PAPER Bases turn RED litmus paper BLUE
Acids turn BLUE litmus paper RED

14 HYDRION PAPERS

15 PHENOLPHTHALEIN A crystalline powder that can determine the pH levels of an acid or base. COLORLESS IN ACIDS PINK IN BASES

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