1. Acids & Bases What are some common acids that you know of?
What are some common bases that you know of?
Are acids or bases more harmful to the human body? Explain your answer.
Are all acids harmful to your body?
What is a pH scale and how is it used?

2. Goals To determine the difference between Acids & Bases.
Be able to identify common acids and bases.
To understand what a pH scale is and how to use one.

3. Acid & Bases Acids produce H+ ions in water
The more H + ions, the more acidic the solution.
Bases produce OH- ions in water.
Has a lower concentration of H+

4. Svante Arrhenius HCl Water H+(aq) + Cl- (aq)
Focused on what ions were formed when acids and bases dissolved in water
Acids produce H+ in aqueous solutions
HCl Water H+(aq) + Cl- (aq)
Bases produce OH- in aqueous solutions
NaOH Water Na+(aq) + OH- (aq)

5. Properties Acids Bases Produce H+ ions (H30+) in water pH<7
Taste sour
Corrode metals
React with bases to form salts and water
Turns blue litmus paper red.
Electrolytes
Produce OH- ions in water
pH>7
Taste bitter, chalky
Feel soapy, slippery
React with acids to form salts and water
Turns red litmus paper blue.
Electrolytes

6. Examples of Acids ACID FORMULA STRENGTH USES Hydrochloric acid HCl
Strong
Cleaning & food processing. Adjusting the pH of swimming pools
Sulfuric acid
𝐻 2 𝑆𝑂 4
Car batteries, paints
Nitric acid
𝐻𝑁𝑂 3
Fertilizers & explosives
Acetic acid
𝐶𝐻 3 COOH
Weak
Vinegar, chemicals, plastics and medicines
Citric acid
𝐶 6 𝐻 8 𝑂 7
Flavorings, candies, and soft drinks, fruits
Acetic Acid = Vinegar
Citric Acid = lemons, limes, & oranges. It is in many sour candies such as lemonhead & sour patch.
Ascorbic acid = Vitamin C which your body needs to function.
Sulfuric acid is used in the production of fertilizers, steel, paints, and plastics.
Car batteries

7. Examples of Bases BASE FORMULA STRENGTH USES Potassium hydroxide KOH
Strong
Drain cleaners, bleach, manufacturing soaps
Sodium hydroxide
NaOH
Drain cleaners, manufacturing soaps
Calcium hydroxide
𝐶𝑎(𝑂𝐻) 2
Making cement, plaster
Ammonia
𝑁𝐻 3
Weak
Fertilizers and many cleaners
Pyridine
𝐶 5 𝐻 5 𝑁
Vitamins and Medicines
Baking Soda
𝑁𝑎𝐻𝐶𝑂 3
Cooking or antacid

8. pH is a measure of how acidic or basic a solution is.
The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14.
Acidic solutions have pH values below 7
A solution with a pH of 7 is neutral.
Pure water has a pH of 7.
Basic solutions have pH values above 7.

9. pH Scale Acidic Basic Acid Base Water Salt HCl + NaOH H2O + NaCl
HBr  +  KOH  
H2O  +  KBr

11. Sour Candies

12. Indicators
A compound that can reversibly change color in a solution depending on the concentration of H30+ ions.

13. LITMUS PAPER Bases turn RED litmus paper BLUE
Acids turn BLUE litmus paper RED

14. HYDRION PAPERS

15. PHENOLPHTHALEIN
A crystalline powder that can determine the pH levels of an acid or base.
COLORLESS IN ACIDS
PINK IN BASES