1. Figure 3: Flower Structure
2-1 Plant Cells, Tissues, and Organs
Figure 2: Plant Tissues
Figure 3: Flower Structure

2. Learning Goals To learn about plant cells
To label the parts of a plant
To discuss where photosynthesis takes place

3. 2-1 Plant Cells, Tissues, and Organs
Cell Specialization – the process where cells develop from similar cells into cells that have specific functions
Cell Differentiation – a stage of development of a living organism during which specialized cells form

4. Specialized Cells and Tissues in Plants
Meristematic Cell – an unspecialized plant cell that gives rise to a specific specialized cell
Tissue – a cluster of similar cells that share the same specialized structure and function
Organ – a combination of several types of tissue working together to perform a specific function
Diagram 2.1-1

5. Repair , Replacement , and Growth
Plants can continuously form new organs and tissues.
A bud is a swelling of the stem that contains meristem for new tissues and organs such as leaves, roots and flowers.
A plant’s most active growth occurs near the terminal bud.
Lateral buds are dormant, but they have the potential to produce new branches, leaves and flowers.

6. “Buds” and “Type of Growth”
The plant grows upward, “getting taller.”
The plant grows outward or “thickens.”
Diagram 2.1-3

7. Tissues Working Together - Plant Organs
Three types of organs make up the body of a plant:
Leaves
Stems
Roots
A fourth organ is the reproductive organ.
In many but not all plants, this is the flower.

8. Leaves
Leaves are designed to capture maximum light and minimize water loss in order to conduct photosynthesis
The main parts of a leaf are:
epidermis
palisade mesophyll
chloroplasts
spongy parenchyma
veins (xylem & phloem)
stoma & guard cells

9. Parts of a Leaf
Diagram 2.1-4

10. Epidermis
secrete a waxy cuticle that helps reduce the amount of water that evaporates from the leaf's surface

11. Palisade Mesophyll perform most of the photosynthesis in a leaf
arranged so that the Sun’s rays pass through the length of the cell and hit chloroplasts, (where photosynthesis takes place)

12. Chloroplasts
Diagram 2.1-6
organelles within plant cells that use the Sun’s energy to chemically convert CO2 into glucose (photosynthesis)

13. Spongy Parenchyma
a layer of cells with open spaces (like a sponge) that contain gases for photosynthesis: H2O, O2, CO2.

14. Veins - Xylem & Phloem
found in vascular bundles in the centre of the leaf (form leaf veins)
Xylem delivers water vapour to the photosynthesizing cells
Phloem picks up the produced glucose and delivers it to the rest of the plant

15. Xylem UP Phloem DOWN

16. Guard Cells allow gases to move in and out
can change their shape to control the pore openings (stoma)
CO2 enters, while O2 and H2O exit the stoma

17. Stems A plant’s stem has two main functions: 1. physical support
2. transportation of sap

18. Roots A plant’s root has three main functions:
1. to anchor the plant in the ground
2. to take up water and minerals from the soil
3. to store energy and nutrient supplies for later use

19. Types of Roots Tap Root Fibrous Root
one main root that grows larger and thicker than the rest
anchors the plant firmly in the ground
spread out horizontally near the surface
stabilizes soil and prevents erosion and landslides

20. Flowers The main function of a plant’s flowers is reproductive
produce sperm and eggs for sexual reproduction
attract insects and other animals for pollination
produce seeds and sometimes fruit after pollination
Pollination Video

21. Section 2.1 Review Things you should now know:
how meristematic cells differentiate into specialized plant cells
the characteristics of dermal, ground, and vascular tissues
the four types of plant organs: root, stem, leaf, and flowers
the process of photosynthesis

22.  Homework  Read Section 2.1 Pg 57-68 Complete 2.1 Worksheet
Complete Pg 69 # 1, 3, 5