1. MOTIVATION
B.A.-I P.G.G.C.G-42 Chandigarh By: Ms. Amandeep

2. Motivation
The term motivation literally means to move or to energies or to activate. In the sense anything that is responsible for internal or external actively may be called motivation.
Definition: “Motivation refers to the driving and pulling force which results in persistent behavior directed to wards particular goad” – Morgan and King

3. Motivational Cycle
Relief
Striving

4. a) Needs: It refers to a lack or deficit within the individual
Physiological needs:
Because of tissue needs of food, water, air etc.
Social needs:
Needs for affection, recognition & prestige.

5. b) Instrumental behaviour:
Any behaviour instrumental in satisfying a need or drive or motive.
e.g. Crying child is instrumental in getting food from his mother.

6. CHARACTERISTICS OF MOTIVATION
Motivation is :-
An answer to the ‘why’ of behaviour.
The internal processes that can’t be directly observed.
An energizer or activator, helps in arousing a person to perform.
Directs our behaviour.
Always goal oriented.
Occurs again and again.
Regulates behaviour

7. TYPES OF MOTIVATION Intrinsic Extrinsic
It makes people to participate in an activity for their own enjoyment not for reward.
Behaviours which are interesting, self satisfying without external benefits.
Extrinsic
It makes people to participate in an activity for a tangible reward.
It guides behaviours to obtain same external rewards.

8. CLASSIFICATION OF MOTIVES
1. Physiological motives
Psychological motives
Social motives

9. PHYSIOLOGICAL MOTIVES:-
These are basic, inborn, biological drives with which every member of the species begins life.
They are called primary needs.
Vital to life.
Necessary for survival.
Referred as biological need also.
With the help of these motives body preserved Homeostasis.

10. Type of Physiological motives are:-
Hunger
Thirst
Sexual Motivation
Sleep and Rest
Regulation of temperature
Need to avoid pain
Maternal love
Need to Respirate
Need to exerete

11. PSYCHOLOGICAL MOTIVES:-
They are basically caused due to some psychological need and are not based on physical needs.
They are caused because of the stimulus in environment but gives the psychological reaction.

12. Type of Psychological motives are:-
Urge to escape
Humour
Need to fulfill one’s interest and potentials
Need to have a purpose
Force of habit
Need to maintain self-esteem
Curiosity and exploration
Effectance Motivation

13. Social motives are general, pearisling characteristics of a person.
These motives are called Social because they are learned in social groups especially in the family as children grow up and because they usually involve other people.
Social motives are general, pearisling characteristics of a person.

14. Type of Social motives are:-
Achievement
Power
Gregariousness
Aggression
Imitation
Sympathy/Empathy

15. Theories of Motivation
Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Theory: Deficiency needs must be satisfied before higher levels of motivation can emerge i.e. growth needs.
To live up to our’s potential
Growth need:
Motivation increases when needs are met.
To gain the approval of others and achieve success.
To be loved by others sense of belonging.
Deficiency need:
Motivation decreases when needs are met.
Security, Protection.
Hunger, Thirst,
Oxygen

16. Mc Clelland Theory Characteristic N Achievement N Affiliation N Power
General
Concern to do better
Concern for establishing, maintaining, repairing, friendly, relations
Concern with having reputation and influence
Arousing situation
A moderately challenging task
Opportunity to be with friends
Hierarchical or influence situation
Related activities
Performs better at challenging tasks, prefers personal responsibility
Makes more local phone calls, visits, better grades from teacher
Often tries to convince others, plays more sports, drinks heavily

17. MURRAY THEORY OF NEEDS
According to this theory, unsatisfied needs motivate the individual to act and sustain until satisfaction is realized. He classified needs into two types:
(i) Viscerogenic:
These are essential for an organisms survival as food, water, sex, etc. These are also called the Murrary needs.
(ii) Psychogenic:
These needs emerge from the primary needs. Need for acquisition, achievement, abasement, affiliation, aggression, autonomy, superiority, nurturance, succorance, cognisance, etc. are included in this group. These needs are also called the secondary needs.