1. SWBAT: Identify the Cold War Hot Spots Around the World
Do Now:
Bridge the Gulch Political Cartoon Analysis

2. Do Now: Bridge the Gulch Political Cartoon

3. Poster Board Group Activity
The class will be divided into six groups. Each group will be assigned a reading about one of the Cold War “Hot Spots”
Berlin Blockade
Chinese Civil War
Korean War
Congo Civil War
Bay of Pigs Invasion
Cuban Missile Crisis.

4. Poster Board Group Activity
Each group will have to examine the document and identify by highlighting or underlining:
The time and place of the incident
The nations involved
The causes
The results
Evaluate how the conflict showed the Cold War becoming “hot” between the US and USSR.

5. Poster Board Group Activity
Complete your own charts using the text based evidence the group highlighted and discussed from the text.
Construct a poster board with the important information contained in the document and create a visual representing the Cold War conflict.
Each group will then present and the class will complete their charts based on the groups’ presentation of their text based evidence.

6. Berlin
West Berlin, was an outpost of Western democracy and economic success deep within the communist zone – like a capitalist island within communist East Germany
The Berlin Blockade was an attempt to starve West Berlin into submitting [giving up] to the communists
The Allied [western powers] airlift signalled the West’s determination to use all resources to defend Berlin. It was feld by both sides that Berlin could act as the trigger for general war between capitalist and communist countries

7. Communists Take China- 1949
Chinese Civil War (28-38)
Nationalists: Chiang Kai-shek
Communists: Mao Zedong
Unite to fight WW2… temporary
People’s Republic of China
Mao’s Communists
Chou En-lai - Premier
Republic of China – aka Taiwan (Formosa)
Chiang’s Nationalists
Recognized as official govt (US & UN)
In 1911 Sun Yat-sen, educated in British Hong Kong and American Hawaii, founded the Nationalist Party and advocated
nationalism- end imperialism, form central govt ; democracy- elected government ; economic reform (adopt Western industrial and agricultural ways) The Nationalists weren’t able to take control of the entire country, and fought local warlords until In 1928, Chiang Kai-shek took over power (Sun died) and destroyed the warlords, controlled most China. Drove a small sector of Communists from within the ranks of the Nationalist party…beginning a 10-year civil war in China. Mao Zedong took over the Communists in the mid-1930s and began a “long march” to drive Communist influence northward – popular political, social, and economic reforms (land, schooling, health)
When Japan invaded mainland China in the late 30’s, the two groups agreed to a truce in order to defeat Japanese aggression. Nationalists received arms and loans from Britain and the US, elevated to “Big Five” in UN
As WW2 ends, civil war resumes.
US tries but fails to negotiate peace between the two; US secretly sends $2 billion in loans and military supplies
Chiang lost support b/c it was pretty much a corrupt and inefficient dictatorship that wasted foreign aid and lost military support; also, failed to improve economic conditions for peasants. Communists, strengthened by Japanese equipment and Soviet supplies as well as the support of the people, defeated the Nationalists Communist armies drove Nationalists to the island of Formosa (Taiwan).
US shocked! Truman attacked for sending limited aid.Truman blames it on Chiang’s failures. Truman says US didn’t want war in Asia. Publicly recognize Nationalists govt on Taiwan as legal govt of China…privately shocked…it’s the first time containment failed!!! US and allies refuse to recognize Communist regime, embargo trade, oppose admission to UN, sign mutual defense treaties with SKorea and Taiwan - China promised to annex the island and destroy all armies there. Since this point, Communists have controlled mainland China with its current population of over 1 billion people!

8. Japan occupied Korea from 1910-1945
The Korean War
Japan occupied Korea from
Post WW2, Korea divided at 38th Parallel
USSR in North
US in South
Goal: reunification
Japan annexed Korean peninsula, harsh rule. Koreans wanted nation restored, but war ended before plans for independence handled. Allies agreed to temporarily divide peninsula at 38th parallel (midpoint)..USSR accepts surrender of Japanese troops to north of line, US accepts south.

9. USSR refuses UN-sponsored elections…
UN in North Korea
USSR refuses UN-sponsored elections…
Republic of Korea in Seoul, S. Korea (Pres. Syngman Rhee)
Democratic People’s Republic of Korea in Pyongyang, N. Korea (Kim Il Sung)
Occupying troops withdrew 48 & 49.
USSR and US couldn’t agree regarding reunification…Russia defied UN attempts to unify country through free elections
In South Korea- UN-supervised elections established independent anti-communist govt headed by President Syngman Rhee. In North Korea- Russians established Communist govt led by Kim Il-Sung
Both sides station troops along border at 38th parallel until withdrawal in
By 1950, few US troops remain…US went so far as to publicly announce Korea as outside its Asian area of concern
North (USSR support) plots takeover and launches surprise attack across 38th parallel.

10. June to Sept- North captures Seoul, most S. Korea!
Open Hostilities
June to Sept- North captures Seoul, most S. Korea!
Sept to Oct – Mac pushes back…to Chinese border!
Nov to Jan 51- Chinese get involved to stop US from entering China… push back to 38th parallel
At first the UN forces retreated under assault… North is able to push deep into the South
With reinforcements, Mac launched a counterattack that drove North back to 38th Parallel and up close to Manchurian border
In Nov, China crosses the border and attacks UN forces (heavy losses) pushes Mac back
By summer 51, battle line stabilized around 38th

11. MacArthur : Invade China! Truman: No!
Butting Heads
MacArthur : Invade China! Truman: No!
MacArthur appeals to media, criticizes Truman
Mac fired April 11, 1951.
When China attacked, Mac advocated carrying the war to Communist china, especially Manchuria. Urged the US fight all-out war to win complete victory over communism in Asia. Truman feared that would lead to war with Russia, and he didn’t want to get fully involved, leaving W. Euro vulnerable.
In 1951, Truman, as commander in chief of US armed forces, dismissed Mac for insubordination. Charged the general repeatedly disregarded instructions to refrain from making foreign policy statements criticizing govt policy.

12. Armistice
stuck at 38th…nothing gained, much lost (54k dead, $67b)
Soviets suggest ceasefire
38th Parallel
Demilitarized Zone
Exchange of POW’s
NK/UN signed July 1953
No official NK/SK Treaty!
Meeting mainly at Panmunjom, UN and Communists representatives took two years to reach agreement ending hostilities
Stuck over return, or repatriation, of prisoners…UN said many didn’t want to return to communist homeland, they insisted
Decide to give prisoners freedom of choice (2 of every 5 refused return)
Truce did not reunite the nation…

13. Congo Civil War
The Congo Civil War, or Congo Crisis, was a complex political tumult that began just days following Belgium’s granting of Congolese independence in Lasting four years, the associated violence claimed an estimated 100,000 lives including the nation's first Prime Minister, Patrice Lumumba, and UN Secretary Dag Hammarskjöld, who was killed in a plane crash as he attempted to mediate the crisis. Escalating with the secession of the southernmost province of Katanga, the conflict concluded five years later with a united Congo emerging under the dictatorship of Joseph-Désiré Mobutu.
Meeting mainly at Panmunjom, UN and Communists representatives took two years to reach agreement ending hostilities
Stuck over return, or repatriation, of prisoners…UN said many didn’t want to return to communist homeland, they insisted
Decide to give prisoners freedom of choice (2 of every 5 refused return)
Truce did not reunite the nation…

14. Congo Civil War
The conflict also became the site of a dangerous Cold War “proxy” contest between western powers led by the United States and the Soviet Union-led Communist bloc. Under pressure from western nations and in exchange for UN support, President Kasavubu purged his government of radical elements including Prime Minister Lumumba. The ultra-nationalist Lumumba, though supported by the Congolese, was viewed by Western business leaders as an obstacle to their continued investments in Congolese diamond mines. Fearing Lumumba was secretly a Communist, the United States was particularly adamant about his removal from power.
Meeting mainly at Panmunjom, UN and Communists representatives took two years to reach agreement ending hostilities
Stuck over return, or repatriation, of prisoners…UN said many didn’t want to return to communist homeland, they insisted
Decide to give prisoners freedom of choice (2 of every 5 refused return)
Truce did not reunite the nation…

15. Hostilities in Korea continue N. Korea still communist
Impact of Korea
UN gains authority
Hostilities in Korea continue
N. Korea still communist
US commit to containment
US precedent for future intervention (Vietnam)
US rejects Dem Party, elects Republican Ike
Military-industrial complex

16. The Bay of Pigs Background
Summer 1960, President Eisenhower gave CIA permission to train Cuban exiles in an invasion of Cuba
Kennedy learned of the plan 9 days after being sworn in as President

17. CIA Encourages Kennedy
On April 17, 1961, President Kennedy on advice from CIA officials agrees to the Bay of Pigs invasion
US Air Force had provided support two days prior to the land invasion
Failed to knockout Cuban Air Force
The 1,400 Cuban exiles faced 20,000 Cuban soldiers
The mission failed! Kennedy publicly accepted the blame but privately was furious with the CIA!

19. The Cuban Missile Crisis
Oct.16, 1962 photos reveal Soviets building missile sights in Cuba
On October 22, 1962, President Kennedy delivers a speech to the US about the presence of nuclear missiles and his plan to remove them. Any hostile action from Cuba would require the US to attack Soviet Union.
Options: negotiate with Khrushchev, invade Cuba, blockade Cuba, bomb missile sights

20. Crisis Avoided
For 6 tense days Soviet ships headed towards Cuba.
The US amassed 200, 000 soldiers in Florida and the US Navy blockaded Cuba so that no ship could get within 500 miles of it.
The Soviet ships halted suddenly to avoid confrontation with the US.
Khrushchev agrees to remove the Cuban missiles in exchange for not invading Cuba

22. Kennedy’s Map of Cuba

23. On Demand Task
Create your own Cold War Political Cartoon based upon one of the Cold War conflicts discussed in class today. You must choose a Cold War conflict that you did not present on. Be sure to include some of the following elements of political cartoons:
Labels: Cartoonists often identify or name certain things in their cartoons so that it is apparent what the symbols represent.
Symbolism: Cartoonists may use simple objects to represent larger ideas or concepts.
Analogy: Cartoonists may compare a simple image or concept to a more complex situation, in order to help the viewer understand the more complex situation in a different way.