1. Growth of Imperialism

2. Question Drill:
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all early civilizations?
Written language
Agricultural surplus
Some economic specialization
Water resources

3. Which of the following was not a result of the Black Death?
Labor shortages in agriculture and industry in England
Population decline in China
Scarcity of good throughout Europe
Rise of feudalism in western Europe

4. Motives for Imperialism in Africa
Raw materials/ natural resources
Industrial Revolution
Diamonds of South Africa
Rubber from rainforests in Central Africa
Political rivalries
To be the best and have the biggest empire
Great Britain vs. Spain vs. Portugal vs. France
Belief in European superiority Ethnocentrism: "The White Man's Burden" by Rudyard Kipling Readings in Book!!! Ch.32

6. 4. Other Factors Involved
Technological superiority
Steam engine and railroads allowed easier travel into Africa
African diversity
Made it easy to encourage rivalries between different groups  tribal wars
This began as Europeans began explore the Rivers of Africa

8. New Kingdoms
Conflict for land leads to the rise of the Zulu kingdom. (South Africa)
Anglo-Zulu War- 1870’s
Kingdoms in western Africa wanted to purify Islam= Sokoto Caliphate (new Muslim kingdom)

9. Slave Trade Changes
Britain went from greatest slave nation to greatest defender against slavery. (Sierra Leone-Freetown)
Shift to “legitimate trade”= palm oil
Purchase of slaves moved to East Africa.
New Kingdoms: Zanzibar Island (new demand for slaves, ivory, and cloves)
“Secondary Empires”

10. Other Cases
Egypt: - Muhammad Ali ( ) “first great ruler of Egypt” - build-up the military - revenue in cotton industry and industrialized Cairo - many public works were funded with foreign money
-semi-autonimous
Algeria: France after many years of struggle takes control
Belgian Congo: most atrocious cases of colonial abuses for rubber

14. The Scramble for Africa
Berlin Conference (1884)
Split Africa into regions owned by European countries
Africans continually fought off European imperialism
South African resistance
Boer Wars: Fights between Dutch settlers (Boers), British, and Zulus for diamonds and gold
Both Dutch and Zulus eventually absorbed into British empire
Very few nations remained independent!!

16. British India

17. East India Company
Mughal had declined  Marathas taken back regional control (didn’t like Mughal’s sympathy of foreigners)
East India Company sent men to protect their interests in India and set up trading posts.
Took control of areas of Bengal and other territories= “Bombay Presidency”
Sepoy Army (Indian soldiers) was used to protect their ports and territories.

19. Raj and Rebellion Raj was the British colonial government in India.
Indirect through East India Company
Inconsistent: social and governmental reforms and preserve traditions.
Relied on Sepoys instead of Indian Military
Private land-ownership to create taxes
Freedom of Christian missionaries
New “traditions” for local princes

21. Brought political and economic benefits
Collapse of the textile industry and oppression of the peasants led to tension.
Sepoys were also discontent after a while…
Conflict over cartridge coating (cow and pig fat) leads to all out Sepoy Rebellion 1857.
Finally suppressed Britain instills direct rule on India as a result.

24. Reform from the British
New centralized government and rapid economic growth
Everyone declared equal under the law.
Indian Civil Service  powerful bureaucracy controlled by the elite -exam “open” to everyone -exam was given in England
Still kept rituals that show large display of wealth

25. Other reforms Invested heavily in public works (irrigation and canals)
Agriculture= main focus on cotton, tea, and opium production (raw materials)
Manufactured materials came from Britain!! TEXTILES!
Industry= growth of railroads= movement of people= giant outbreak of cholera.
Poverty still reigns supreme

28. Indian Nationalism
Pan-Indian Nationalism (only way to get rid of British)
Rammohun Roy- combined western values with Indian tradition.
Supported early British reform.
Leans towards western ideas. Secular in nature.
Growth of Indian National Congress=
more people in gov…. Still filled with elites

29. Eastern Empire Military victories allowed for dominance in the east.
Cape Colony (Africa) supply point. New laws lead to alienation and the Zulu Wars.
Singapore becomes a center of trade and shipping.
Imperial growth trade rather than expansion. Industrialization= domination

30. Australia and New Zealand
Natives die due to European diseases.
Australian settlers were prisoners from Britain. (penal colony)
Population growth was slow.
Less direct control (avoiding conflict)

31. Migration
Movement of Chinese, Indians, and Africans to the sugar plantations
Italians…. Asians…. Seasonal workers….
Indentured servitude grew.
Populations remained after contract ended.