1. Protest- answer on scratch paper
What do you think of when you hear the word “protest?”
Definition: statement or action expressing disapproval of or objection to something
What are three things that you would be willing to protest to change?

2. Part 1: The Civil Rights Era: Forms of Protest

3. Why Protest??? - to vent frustration and/or demand change
Characteristics of the Change Process
Step 1: A problem of injustice is identified
Step 2: People organize
Step 3: Action(s) is/are taken (protest) to bring about change
Step 4: Reaction(s) to this change may be positive or negative

4. 3. Types of Protest Personal Statement (Individual)
Non-Violent Forms
Personal Statement (Individual)
Letter (example: to the editor and/or a letter of appeal)
Book (example: The Jungle, How the Other Half Lives)
Billboard, Sign or Bumper Sticker (example: anti abortion/smoking signs)
Speech (example: Martin Luther King’s “I Have a Dream”
Song (example: War! By Edwin Starr)

5. 3. Types of Protest Group Demonstration
Non-Violent Forms
Group Demonstration
Meeting (example: Union Meeting)
March (example: 1963 March on Washington, DC; Bonus March)
Vigil (example: Annual MADD prayer session in St. Paul)
Information Booth
Picket (example: anti-war protestors)
Petition Drive (example: The Declaration of Independence)

6. 3. Types of Protest
Non-Violent Forms
Civil Disobedience/Passive Resistance (unlawful activity)
Sit-in/Walk-out (example: Robbinsdale High School)
Sit-down strike (example: 1937 General Motors Plant Strike)
Trespass (example: Environmentalists)
Disrupt a meeting (example: 1968 Democratic National Convention)
Illegal March

7. 3. Types of Protest Economic Pressure (deny “them” $$$ or profit)
Non-Violent Forms
Economic Pressure (deny “them” $$$ or profit)
Boycott (example: Hormel Meat Packing Co. or Exxon Oil Co.)
Embargo (example: Japan before WW II or Cuba today)
A Labor Strike

8. 3. Types of Protest Law suits (Plessy v. Ferguson or Roe v. Wade)
Non-Violent Forms
Legal Action – use the courts; law suits
Law suits (Plessy v. Ferguson or Roe v. Wade)
Government passes laws (Civil Rights Act of 1964)

9. 3. Types of Protest Violent Forms Property Destruction
Secret (covert sabotage): September 11, 2001 or OK City Bombing
Open (overt): Kristallnacht or LA Riots of 1992

10. 3. Types of Protest Physical (personal) Attacks
Violent Forms
Physical (personal) Attacks
Injury (example: Palestinian rock throwers)
Assassination (example: John Wilkes Booth shot and killed Pres. Lincoln)

11. 3. Types of Protest Martyrdom – self sacrifice to promote a cause
Violent Forms
Martyrdom – self sacrifice to promote a cause
Hunger Strike (example Homer Simpson)
Suicide as protest (example Buddhist monks or kamikaze pilots)
Risking death for a cause (example MLK and Nelson Mandela)

12. Forms of Protest Assignment:
1. List the non-violent forms of protest.
2. Which non-violent form of protest would be most effective in educating the public about your cause? Justify your answer.
3. List the violent forms of protest.
4. What injustice or cause, IF ANY, could be worth using one of these forms protest? Explain your answer