1. WWI

2. Great War or War to End all War Not called WWI until after WWII
1st World War in history
Great War or War to End all War
Not called WWI until after WWII
Total war
Involved 60 nations and 6 continents

3. Cost of War $400 billion $10 million dollars an hour 16 million deaths
First war of the Industrial Revolution……
New Weapons vs old tactics of fighting

4. world map

5. The Real Causes of the War
Imperialism- European powers were going to all parts of the world to gain land.
Africa, Asia, The Pacific
By 1910, the most desirable colonies had been taken.
Germany envied France and Britain b/c they had the most richest colonies.
They soon realized that the only way to get land in Africa was to take it away from the colonizers.

6. Cartoon-European grab bag
CAUSES OF WORLD WAR I
European nations competing for colonies around the world…..Imperialism
Cartoon-European grab bag

7. Cartoon-European grab bag
COLONIAL CLAIMS BY 1900
Cartoon-European grab bag

8. Cartoon-European grab bag
COLONIAL CLAIMS BY 1900
Cartoon-European grab bag

9. Nationalism 2 forms- 1: to act in the country’s own national interest.
Ex: Alsace-Lorraine-strip of land on the boarder of France and Germany.
Had been taken by Germany in 1871 and France was expecting to gain it back.
Germany did not want to give it up.
This caused problems in their relationship.

10. 2. The longing for an ethnic minority independence in a nation where there are many different/diverse groups.
Ex: Austria-Hungary- Hungarians and German speaking Austrians governed millions of Czechs, Slovaks, Poles Italians, Romanians and Serbs.
These different groups wanted their own independent self government and lands.
This often caused conflict within the nation itself.

11. Militarism
Building up a nation’s military for war and giving them more power than the government.
Austria-Hungary, France, Germany, Great Britain, Russia
Spend large sums of money on new weapons and warships.
All of these countries were preparing for war.

12. Alliances
European nations began forming military alliances with one another to maintain a balance of power ……..
Triple Alliance Triple Entente Central Powers Allied Powers
Germany Great Britain Austria-Hungary Empire France Bulgaria Russia

14. Assassination of Franz Ferdinand
Franz Ferdinand’s funeral procession
Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his family. Archduke was heir to the throne in the Austrian Hungarian Empire. His assassination June 28, 1914 eventually led to WWI.
Garvillo Princip, a Serbian nationalist assassinated the Archduke. He was trying to gain allowances for his fellow Serbs who lived under Austrian rule.
franz

16. Alliance Chain Reaction
When the Archduke was assassinated, Bosnia along with Serbia were annexed to Austria-Hungary.
Austria-Hungary was convinced Serbia has something to do with the killings.
They used this excuse to declare war on Serbia on July 28, 1914.
This set off the chain reaction of alliances throughout Europe.

17. July 29, 1914- (Russia was Serbia’s protector) began mobilization.
Germany demanded Russia stop. They didn’t. Germany declared war on Russia.
Russia’s ally France declared war on Germany.
Germany declares war on Belgium.
Great Britain declared war on Germany.

18. Schlieffen Plan
Quick sweep through France to knock the French out of the war then turn east and defeat Russia.
Germany is between France and Russia.
This plan was put in order to avoid fighting both countries at the same time.

19. Germany had to pass through Belgium to get to France
Belgium was neutral.
Germany hoped Britain would stay out of the war.
The invasion of Belgium brought Britain into the war.
1 week after the conflict started all of Europe’s great powers were involved.

20. Central Powers
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Bulgaria
Allies
Russia
France
Serbia
Great Britain

22. Archduke and Wife Assassinated
Austria-Hungary Declares war on Serbia
July 28, 1914
Russia Begins Mobilization
July 29, 1914
Germany Declares war on Russia
August 1,1914
Russian’s ally France readies troops
Germany Demands Russia Stop
Germany’s
Schlieffen Plan
Britain Enters War after invasion of Belgium
August 4, 1914
Central Powers and Allies Formed

23. Deadly Technology Leads to Stalemate
Stalemate- Both sides can’t gain the advantage.
Germany and France and Britain
1914 Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria join Central Powers
Italy and Romania join Allies

24. Central Powers
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Ottoman Empire
Bulgaria
Allies
Russia
France
Serbia
Great Britain
Italy
Romania

25. Deadly Technology Machine guns and rapid fire artillery Grenades
Submarines
Poison Gas
Air Planes
Zeppelins
Tanks
Battle of Somme in 1916 British troops lost 20,000 troops in one day.

26. Trench Warfare Trench foot Contracted lice from rats Constant fear
No man’s land
Casualties (French had 1,000,000 casualties in first 3 months of war)

27. Trench Warfare

29. TRENCH WARFARE

30. American Response
Some felt personally involved b/c 92 million were immigrants or children of immigrants.
Germans and Irish for Central Powers
Most Americans for Allies
Wilson wanted Americans to remain neutral.

31. Woodrow Wilson became President in 1912. US was officially NEUTRAL
US IN 1914
Panama Canal was completed in August of 1914 just a week before WWI began in Europe.
Woodrow Wilson became President in 1912.
Americans were shocked by the outbreak of war but…………..it was in Europe.
US was officially NEUTRAL

32. American Response American Neutrality- Influenced by trade
Preparedness Movement- Be ready for war. Patriotic education (Propaganda)
Peace Movement- Progressives, social reformers and women. (Women marching down streets proclaiming peace).

33. American Opinions 3 groups Isolationists- Stay out of war
Interventionists- U.S. should intervene on side of Allies
Internationalists- Get involved only to solve the problem and promote peace.

34. Britain Blockades Germany
Britain blockades Germany for its contraband.
Later Britain took all of the goods that were supposed to go into Germany. (Food, cotton, medicine, gasoline)
German response = blockade of Britain

35. German Submarine Warfare
U-Boats- Britain and Germany competed to build the largest and strongest navy.
Germany blockaded Britain by navy.
Propaganda used by Britain to sway U.S. opinion.
Lusitania- 128 Americans killed
Germany agreed to stop blowing up passenger ships.
March 24,1916 Sussex was sunk by Germans

36. Killed 2 Americans
Sussex Pledge- Germans would warn ships before they sank them.
Wilson authorized banks to make a huge loan to the Allies.

37. Germans believed it was carrying contraband (weapons) to the British.
SINKING OF THE LUSITANIA
May 7, 1915, the Germans sunk the Lusitania which was British passenger liner.
Germans believed it was carrying contraband (weapons) to the British.
Killed 1,198 civilians including 128 Americans.
U.S. and other countries outraged towards Germany because of “unrestricted submarine warfare”.
US believed the Germans had violated international law of targeting civilians

39. war zone

40. America Enters the War
Jan. 31, 1917 Germany informs U.S. that the Sussex pledge would be ended.
Feb. 3 U.S. cuts off diplomatic ties with Germany.
Zimmerman Note- Germany promises lost land to Mexico if they declare war on U.S.

41. zimmerman cartoon