1. The Civil War
18.5 The End of the War

2. The War Draws to a Close
Union forces move steadily south after the Battles of Vicksburg and Gettysburg
1. U.S. Grant moved his army into Eastern Virginia and engaged Gen. Robert E. Lee’s troops in a series of battles.

3. The War Draws to a Close Lee’s troops were on the defensive
Grant’s army outnumbered the Confederates

4. The War Draws to a Close
2. Union Major General William Tecumseh Sherman led an army south toward Atlanta
a. Captured Atlanta in
September of 1864
b. Sherman
marched toward
the sea. When he
reached Savannah
in December, they
destroyed everything in
its path.
3. Confederate forces surrendered
on April 9, 1865

5. Battle of Palmito Ranch
Word of Lee’s surrender reached Confederate troops in the Brownsville area in May of 1865 – many troops returned home.
On May 12, Union troops moved inland to occupy Brownsville

6. Battle of Palmito Ranch
Union and Confederate forces clashed
Confederate forces led by John S. Ford defeated Union troops and captured 100 prisioners.
The last battle was a Confederate victory, but the South had already lost the Civil War.

7. Consequences of the War
620,000 Americans lost their lives (the bloodiest war)
90,000 Texans served and thousands were killed or hurt.

8. Consequences of the War
The state’s economy was in a shambles
1. Cotton trade had nearly stopped
2. Business and farms were hurt because of deaths
3. When Governor Murrah and government officials fled to Mexico, the state government collapsed

9. Consequences of the War
Enslaved Texans saw the war as a struggle for freedom
1. In 1863, President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation
2. As Union armies advanced into Confederate states, the slaves were freed.