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new newer newest light lighter lightest
Comparing Adjectives new newer newest light lighter lightest
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What do these adjectives have in common?
novior levior peior commodior The -ior lets us know that these adjectives are in comparative degree. novior = newer levior = lighter peior = worse commodior = more suitable
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An adjective has 3 degrees:
positive (what’s usually given in a vocabulary list) comparative (ior or ius added to base) superlative (issimus, a, um added to base)
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Forming COMPARATIVE Degree
to base of adjective: add ior for masc. and fem. forms add ius for neuter An adjective in comparative degree uses 3rd declension endings:
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Forming COMPARATIVE Degree
N ior iorēs G ioris iorum D iorī ioribus Acc iorem iorēs Abl iore ioribus An adjective in comparative degree uses 3rd declension endings: These are the forms for describing masculine and feminine nouns.
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Forming COMPARATIVE Degree
N ius iora G ioris iorum D iorī ioribus Acc ius iora Abl iore ioribus An adjective in comparative degree uses 3rd declension endings: These are the forms for describing neuter nouns.
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Make each adjective agree with its Latin noun.
newer viam (novus, a, um) more common supplicium (communis, e) rather uncertain exercituum (incertus, a, um) stronger virōs (fortis, e) noviorem communius incertiorum fortiorēs
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Virum fortiorem quam Marcum video.
quam = than Marcus
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Virum fortiorem quam Marcum video.
I see a man stronger than Marcus. quam = than Marcus
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Forming SUPERLATIVE Degree
to base of adjective: add issimus, issima, issimum (We’ll learn a few exceptions later.)
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Make each adjective agree with its Latin noun.
newest viam (novus, a, um) most common supplicium (communis, e) very uncertain exercituum (incertus, a, um) strongest virōs (fortis, e) novissimam communissimum incertissimōrum fortissimōs
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Estne testudo animal tardissimum?
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Estne testudo animal tardissimum?
Is the turtle the slowest animal?
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Ablative of Comparison
when using quam (than), both words being compared must be in same case omit quam and use ablative case: Virum fortiorem quam Marcum video. Virum fortiorem Marcō video.
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Review positive degree – vocab. List comparative degree – ior and ius added to base (-er, more, rather, too) superlative degree – issimus, issima, issimum added to base (-est, most, very, exceedingly) when comparing 2 things: use quam and same case OR omit quam and put 2nd word in comparison in ablative case
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