1. Define: - Ethnic Cleansing - Genocide
What happens when you combine different ethnicities with conflicting ideas in a limited space?
Define: - Ethnic Cleansing - Genocide
How are they similar? How are they different?

2. Use the following definitions to complete the worksheet
Ethnic cleansing- Process by which a powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogenous region. (Not just male soldiers, but women and children.)
The purpose is not to subjugate, but to remove
Today, most ethnic cleansing happens in Europe and Africa
Genocide- "any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such: killing members of the group; causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part; imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group; [and] forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.“

3. Paul Rusesabagina: Five Identifiers of Genocide
1: They erupt under the cover of war. 2: They are the brainchildren of insecure leaders eager for more power. 3: Governments ease their people into them gradually. 4: Other nations must be persuaded to look away. 5: They rely heavily on the power of group thinking to embolden the everyday killers.

4. The Balkans in 1914 The northern part of the Balkans
was part of Austria-Hungary in
1914, while much of the south
was part of the Ottoman Empire.
The country of Yugoslavia was
created after World War I.

5. Languages in Southeastern Europe
Several new states were
created, and boundaries were
shifted after World Wars I and
II. New state boundaries often
coincided with language areas.

6. Ethnic Regions in Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia’s six republics
until1992 included much
ethnic diversity. Brutal
ethnic cleansing occurred
in Bosnia, Croatia, and
Kosovo during the civil
wars of the 1990s.

7. Ethnic Cleansing in Kosovo
AP Human Geography Ethnicity - Chapter 7
Ethnic Cleansing in Kosovo
1999 NATO Bombing campaign designed to end ethnic cleansing in Kosovo
Aerial photography helped document the stages of ethnic cleansing in western Kosovo in 1999.
llhammon Spring 2014

8. Ethnicities in Africa The boundaries of African
states do not (and cannot)
coincide with the thousands
of ethnic groups on the
continent.

9. Rwanda
In 1994 an estimated 800,000 people were killed in the small African state of Rwanda. The violence stemmed from a civil war between two ethnic groups (Hutu and Tutsi) starting in 1990 and brought to a cease-fire in Shortly before the escalated violence began the President of Rwanda, a Hutu, was killed when his plane was shot down. Hutu radio propaganda was used to organize Hutu militias to kill Tutsi and pro-peace Hutus.
Conflict between Hutu and Tutsi destabilized the region
Ethnic cleansing and genocide in Rwanda
Refugees spill into neighboring countries
Democratic Republic of Congo falls into civil war
And the list goes on and on…

10. Armenians
During World War I, the Ottoman Empire (Muslim) was fearful that its large ethnic Armenian population, which was Christian, would ally itself with Imperial Russia (Christian). They used this fear as a motive for killing an estimated 1.5 million Armenians within the Ottoman Empire. States that have categorized these acts have faced diplomatic pressure from present-day Turkey who claims the deaths were a result of civil unrest or acts of national security against an internal enemy.

11. Native Americans
Ever since the first landing of colonists in the “New World” native peoples have been subjugated, marginalized, and mistreated by the European powers. It is estimated that over 90% of the Native American population perished as a result of conflict and exposure to European diseases. Native Americans in the United States have been forcibly removed from their ancestral territories and placed on Reservations. The treatment of Native peoples in the past have lead to attempts to redress the problem through land grants and more recently legalized gambling on Native American land.

12. Israel and Palestine
After the Holocaust and World War II, the United Nations (UN) set about to create a homeland for Jewish peoples displaced by the Nazis. After the war Jewish migrants from Europe and other parts of the world began arriving in greater numbers causing tensions with the Muslim Palestinian population. After a series of conflicts won by the Israelis, Palestinian land was taken over by Israel and occupied. Hundreds of thousands of Palestinians became refugees after the war. Many Palestinians have died because of disease, starvation, and conflict with the U.S. backed Israeli army.

13. Provide an Example and your Reasoning
On your own….Can you apply these concepts to some other ethnic conflict?
Think about:
Modern Ethnic Conflict
“Purify” an area
Forced Migration or Extermination
Provide an Example and your Reasoning