1. Hinduism
Buddhism

2. Western Religions

3. Judaism Beliefs and Teachings
Number of Gods
1 God – Yahweh
Monotheistic
Holy Book
Torah – 1st five books of the Bible --
Old Testament
Moral Law
Ten Commandments
Founder/
Leaders
Abraham
Priests,kings, prophets
Final Goal
A moral life through obedience to God’s law
How does this compare to Hinduism and Buddhism???

5. Why did Christianity take hold in the Ancient World?
Jesus is born in Judea
Jesus – both Jew and Roman
Begins preaching throughout Judea – parables
Crucified by the Romans
Apostles (Followers) spread Message after Jesus dies
Judea – province of Rome ruled by loyal Jewish leader
Romans allowed Jewish people to worship their one god
Many different religions in Empire
Jews reluctantly lived under Roman rule
Many wanted to revolt, believed a messiah would come to lead people to freedom
Zealots wanted to rid homeland of Romans
Rome Conquered Judea in 63 BCE

6. Early Christian Church
Emperor Constantine issued the Edict of Milan in 313 CE granting freedom of worship to all citizens of the Roman Empire
By the end of the 4th century, Emperor Theodosius made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire
Edict of Milan – tolerance of Christianity
Legend – before a battle, Constantine prayed for success and saw a cross of light in the sky – allowed him to accept Christianity

7. Beliefs Monotheistic 10 Commandments
New Testament (also believe in the Old Testament or Jewish Bible)
Afterlife – Heaven/Hell – eternal life
Jesus – son of God – Messiah
Holy city of Jerusalem
Apostles spread message

8. Islam: The Arabian Peninsula
Founder: Muhammad
born in Mecca 570 CE
610 CE: heard a voice saying “Proclaim!”
began preaching social justice, equality, rejection of traditional gods
622: threatened with death, fled to Medina (Hijra)
630: w/ thousands of followers, returned to Mecca
died in 632
Angel Gabriel visited Muhammad & told him to “recite the name of the lord”
Prior to Muhammad:
animistic religion – polytheistic
different tribes/clans worshipped different gods

9. Beliefs of Islam Islam: “surrender to God”
monotheism: Allah
Islam: “surrender to God”
Muslim: one who submits to the will of God”
Qu’ran (Koran): sacred text, believed to be direct literal word of Allah
Islam completes the teachings of Judaism and Christianity
Allah – arabic word for god – creator of heaven (paradise) and earth
Priests are unnecessary – people communicate with god directly through prayer
Qu’ran – holy book – word of god as revealed to Muhammad – translations are discouraged

10. Beliefs of Islam Continued…
Muhammad is the last and greatest prophet
Others include:
Abraham
Moses
Jesus
Jews and Christians believe in these guys too

11. Beliefs ALMS HAJJ 5 times a day
Faith – there is no god but Allah and Muhammad is his prophet
Prayer – 5 times a day toward Mecca – pre-dawn, noon, late afternoon, sunset, bedtime
Alms – charity for the poor
Fasting – no food or drink during daylight during holy month of Ramadan
Hajj – pilgrimage to Mecca once in life – only for those who are financially and physically able

12. Holy city of Mecca during annual Hajj

13. the Ka’aba Ka’aba – most holy site for Muslims – in Mecca
The Qur'an states that the Kaaba was constructed by Abraham and his son Ishmael, after Ishmael had settled in Arabia[3].
One of the Five Pillars of Islam requires every Muslim to perform the Hajj pilgrimage at least once in his or her lifetime if they are able to do so. Multiple parts of the Hajj require pilgrims to walk seven times around the Kaaba in a Anti-Clockwise direction . The most dramatic times are during the Hajj, when about 60 million (officially) pilgrims simultaneously gather to circle the building on the same day.[4][5] `
the Ka’aba

14. Shari’a – Muslim Law
“Whoever strays bears the full responsibility of straying.”
No pork
No gambling
No drinking
No marriage to non-believers
No recognition of separation of Church and state
Law set out in Qu’ran
Shari’a covers beliefs, rituals and daily practices

15. Judaism Beliefs and Teachings
Number of Gods
Holy Book
Moral Law
Founder/
Leaders
Final Goal

16. Beliefs of Christianity
Describe five elements that led to the spread of CHRISTIANITY throughout the Roman Empire
Beliefs of Christianity

17. Islam
610 CE:
630 CE:
570 CE:
622 CE:
632 CE:
Beliefs of Islam

19. Judaism
Christianity & Judaism
Islam & Judaism
All Three
Islam & Christianity
Christianity
Islam