1. Number Heads Together Prepared by Rizky Nurul Amalia Hanny S. Surya
Yakob Metboki
Budi Ilhami

2. An overview on Learning Theory
Learning theory has been thought of as a key factor in teaching and learning
Teacher is the one who has to have the understanding of learning
Learning theory is “a general set of statement which is applied in order to explain the condition of learning” (Sugihartono, et al, 2007: 89)

3. 5 points to know about learning theory
Understanding the basic concepts, features, and scope
How is teachers’ attitude and role if the theory is applied
Environmental factors ( facility, tool, condition) to afford the learning process
Understanding the steps in teaching and learning process
What things should the students do?

4. Factors in criticizing learning theory
Knowing the developer
Understanding the background from which the theory is generated.
The updating facts of its development

5. Kinds of learning theory
Behaviorism theory of learning
Constructivism theory of learning
Humanism Theory of learning

6. Cooperative Learning Theory: a born theory of constructivism theory learning
Definition
“The instructional method, where students work in group to help one to another during learning activities”.
The cooperation involves two people, and the maximum one was four people with different background.

7. Techniques in Cooperative Learning Theory
3 categories of technique
Simple Structures (11)
Student Team Learning Techniques (3)
Bridging techniques (4)
Think-Pair-Share
STAD (Student Teams-Achievement Divisions)
Snowballing
T.A.P.P.S.(Talking Aloud Paired Problem-Solving)
TGT (Teams-Games-Tournaments)
Brainstorm Building
Study Buddies
JIGSAW II
Modified What I Know
Partner Reading
Pairs-Consulting-Pairs
Checkmates
Three Step Interview
Roundtable
Circle of Knowledge
Numbered Heads Together
Pairs Check
Send a Problem

8. The developer and his idea:
Kagan in Bookman, et al (2001: 1) believed that Number Heads Together is “a technique which is useful for quickly reviewing objective material in a fun way”.

9. What does it look like?
Practically, students in each team of four are numbered 1, 2, 3, or 4.
In so doing, students train each other on the material to be mastered. This is also called Discussing Reasons.
Next, teachers pose a question and call a number: 1, 2, 3, or 4. Students with that number are allowed to answer and earn points for their team.
Furthermore, the class can be lead to repeat the previous sections
(Bookman, et al, (2001); Jacob, Lee, & Ball (p ).

10. Using NHT is effective in ELT
Central
NHT is the concept of building both individual accountability and positive interdependence.
Students’ knowledge on any subject matter is exposed automatically.
Theoretical base
Brown (2000: 283)
“automatic process refers to processing in a more complex skill, where the “hard drive” of your brain can manage hundreds and thousands of bits of information”
Speaking Skill
The technique is applicable to refer to speaking because it raises the collaborative skill of asking for and giving reasons.

11. References
Bookman, B., et al. (2001). Cooperative Learning - Descriptions of some commonly used techniques. The NYS Biology - Chemistry Mentor Network, DDE Title II, FLCC, Retrieved November 11, 2012, from pers/15CommonlyUsedTechniques.pdf.
Brown, H.D. (2000). Principles of LlanguageLearning and Teaching. 4th Edition. New York: Prentice Hall Regents.
Jacobs, G. M., Lee, G. S., & Ball, J. (….) Cooperative Learning. A sourcebook of Lessons Plans for Teacher Education on Cooperative Learning. ……Kagan Cooperative Learning.
Slavin, R. E. (1995). Cooperative Learning. New York: Teachers Collage Press.
Sugihartono, et al. (2007). Psikologi Pendidikan. Yogyakarta: UNY Press.