1. Year 8 geography
Population.

2. Population growth
The world population reached 1 billion in around 1804 and 2 billion by 1927
By 2010 the world population had reached almost 7 billion and is expected to grow to 9 billion by Around 90% of all these people will live in countries currently considered as developing

3. What causes population growth?
BIRTHS
DEATHS
MIGRATION
births - deaths = natural rate of population growth

4. Birth rates
Birth rate = births per 1,000 people in a population World average = 19
What has caused birth rates to fall in many developed and rapidly developing countries?
Living standards are rising
There is increased use of contraception
There is increased female employment
People are marrying later in life
Highest birth rates
(40 or more births per 1,000)
Niger, Uganda, Mali, Zambia, Burkino Faso, Ethiopia, Angola, Somalia, Burundi
Lowest birth rates
(Less than 9 births per 1,000)
Czech Republic, Austria, South Korea, Singapore, Germany, Hong Kong, Japan, Monaco
Why are birth rates high in many less-developed countries?
Living standards are poor
There are high child mortality rates
Custom and religion prevent contraception

5. Death rates Death rate = deaths per 1,000 people in a population
World average = 9
Highest death rates
(15 or more deaths per 1,000)
Angola, Afghanistan, South Africa, Nigeria, Russia, Ukraine, Chad, Guinea-Bissou, Lesotho, Central African Republic
Factors that affect death rates are:
living standards
quality and availability of health care
natural disasters and wars
Lowest death rates
(Less than 3 deaths per 1,000)
Sint Maarten, Jordan, Turks and Caicos Islands, Bahrain, Qatar, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates

6. The structure of populations
Age and sex distribution
Occupational distribution
Geographic distribution

7. Age and sex distribution
Low death rate
High death rate
High birth rate and falling child mortality as health care improves
Low birth rate
Source: U.S. Census Bureau
Dependency ratios rising due to ageing population
Dependency ratios rising due to increasing numbers of children
In 2010, 11% of the world population was over 60. It is expected to reach 22%, or 2 billion people, by One in every three people in developed countries will be over 65 by this time.

8. The world’s oldest and youngest