1. The Integumentary System
By: Whitney Brack

2. The Integumentary System
Skin
Hair
Nails
Sweat (apocrine and eccrine) and Sebaceous Glands

3. The Integumentary System
Sebaceous (oil) Glands - secrete sebum, which is emptied into the hair follicles. Sebum prevents the skin and hair from becoming dry. Sebum is somewhat bacteriostatic and consists mainly of lipids
Apocrine Glands – are located in the axillae, breast areolae, umbilical, and anogenital areas, external auditory canals, and eyelids
Eccrine Glands – these glands are distributed over the body, except the lips; cool the body

4. Functions Protects the body: Regulates the body’s temperature.
From injury
From the intrusion of harmful microorganisms
From ultraviolet rays of the sun
Regulates the body’s temperature.
Excretes some of the body’s waste materials (perspiration).
Includes the body’s sensors for pain and sensation (important sensory organ).
Storage – storage of fat, water, etc.
Absorption – transdermal medications, UV light for Vitamin D

5. The Skin

6. The Skin
Name the three parts, or layers, of the skin.

7. The Skin Name the three parts, or layers, of the skin.
Epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer

8. The Skin
Melanin – A brownish black pigment is produced in the epidermis by specialized cells called melanocytes
Albino – Absence of color pigments
Erythema – a reddish color of the skin that can be caused by either burns or a congestion of blood in the vessels
Jaundice – a yellow discoloration of the skin
Cyanosis - ?

9. Syringes & Needles Types of Syringes TB Syringe (1 ml)
Insulin Syringe (measures in units)
3 ml Syringe
5 ml Syringe
10 ml Syringe
20ml Syringe
50 ml Syringe
60 ml Syringe
Luer Lock Syringe
Slip Tip Syringe
Catheter Tip Syringe

10. Syringes

11. Luer-
Lock
Syringe

12. Slip
Tip
Syringe

13. Parts of a Syringe Barrel (non-sterile)
Flange on the Barrel (non-sterile)
Plunger (rubber portion and the shaft are sterile)
Flange on the Plunger (non-sterile)
Syringe Tip (Needle Attachment – sterile)
Calibrated Scales – markings vary from 0.01 on 1 ml syringe to 0.2 ml on 3-5 ml syringe; insulin syringes measure in units (1 or 2 units) always check the calibrated scale

14. Major Types of Needles Gauges (diameter) 14-28 gauge
Length (how long the needle is)
¼ inch – 3 inch

15. Needles

16. Parts of a Needle & Syringe
Lumen – hollow cavity inside the needle
Bevel – cutting edge of the needle
Hub – point of attachment to the syringe
Cannula (Shaft) – needle length
Cap – Protective cover
Shaft/
Cannula
Hub
Barrel
Plunger
Tip
Bevel
Rubber tip
Flange
Flange
Lumen
Shaft

17. Keep It Sterile!!!
1. The Needle must never touch anything which isn't sterile. 2. The barrel tip of the syringe should also not touch anything except the needle's hub end. (this could contaminate the entire interior of the barrel) 3. The rubber plunger should not be touched. 4. The area of the plunger that extends into the barrel should also be avoided. So, that leaves just the outer barrel, the finger flange, and the thumb tip of the plunger.

18. Skin Eruptions Macule – Flat spots on the skin, such as freckles
Papule – Firm, raised area such as pimples and the eruptions seen in some stages of chicken pox and syphilis
Vesicle – blisters, or fluid-filled sacs, suc as those seen in chickenpox and shingles
Pustule – pus-filled sac such as those seen in acne

19. Skin Eruptions
Crust – areas of dried blood, pus, commonly seen in scabs
Wheal – itchy, elevated area with an irregular shape; hives, insect bites
Ulcer – deep loss of skin surface that may extend into the dermis; may cause periodic bleeding and the formation of scars

20. Macule

21. Papule

22. Vesicle

23. Pustule

24. Crust

25. Wheal

26. Ulcer

27. Fissure – Cracks in the skin

28. Laceration