1. Mapwork
Geography: Grade 8

2. What is a map?
A map is a generalised and reduced representation of (a portion of) the curved surface of the earth on a flat surface.

3. Topo-whaaat? What is a topographic map? What features are included?
A map that shows the features of the Earth’s surface.
What features are included?
Physical (natural) features (like hills, valleys, cliffs, rivers, marshes, vegetation)
Constructed features (like towns, roads, railways and sports fields).

4. How do we identify these features?
Conventional signs indicate features on maps.
The use of colour aids the interpretation od these symbols.

5. What is a conventional sign?
A letter or symbol indicating a particular feature
Point
Line
Area

6. Where does colour come into the picture?
Distinguish between two types of landscape:
the natural / physical landscape
the constructed / human landscape
Making it easier:
- Brown
Five colours
- Blue
- Green
- Black
- Red

7. Brown
Symbol

8. Blue
Symbol

9. Green
Symbol

10. Red
Symbol

11. Black
Symbol

13. How do we find positions on topographical maps?
By using a grid reference we can easily pin point information on a map.

14. Latitude North Pole (90° N) Northern Hemisphere Equator (0°)
Southern Hemisphere
Equator (0°)
South Pole (90° S)

15. Longitude North Pole (90° N) Greenwich Meridian 0° Western Hemisphere
Eastern Hemisphere
Greenwich Meridian 0°
South Pole (90° S)

16. Latitude & longitude S;E Northern Hemisphere Western Hemisphere
Southern Hemisphere
Eastern Hemisphere
Western Hemisphere
S;E

17. 1 2 3 4 5 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 A B C D E F

18. 1 2 3 4 5 A B C D E F