1. Eddy Covariance Method
Most of these slides are from:
Burba, G., Eddy Covariance Method for Scientific, Industrial, Agricultural and Regulatory Applications: A Field Book on Measuring Ecosystem Gas Exchange and Areal Emission Rates. LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, NE, 331 pp.
Burba, G., Eddy Covariance Method for Scientific, Industrial, Agricultural and Regulatory Applications: A Field Book on Measuring Ecosystem Gas Exchange and Areal Emission Rates. LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, USA, Hard- and Softbound, 331 pp. ISBN:

2. by permission: Burba, Eddy Covariance Method, Part 1, © Li-Cor, 2013
Airflow in Ecosystems
Burba, G., Eddy Covariance Method for Scientific, Industrial, Agricultural and Regulatory Applications: A Field Book on Measuring Ecosystem Gas Exchange and Areal Emission Rates. LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, USA, Hard- and Softbound, 331 pp. ISBN:
by permission: Burba, Eddy Covariance Method, Part 1, © Li-Cor, 2013

3. by permission: Burba, Eddy Covariance Method, Part 2.1,© Li-Cor, 2013
Typical Variables
Burba, G., Eddy Covariance Method for Scientific, Industrial, Agricultural and Regulatory Applications: A Field Book on Measuring Ecosystem Gas Exchange and Areal Emission Rates. LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, USA, Hard- and Softbound, 331 pp. ISBN:
by permission: Burba, Eddy Covariance Method, Part 2.1,© Li-Cor, 2013

4. by permission: Burba, Eddy Covariance Method, Part 1,© Li-Cor, 2013
Major Assumptions
Burba, G., Eddy Covariance Method for Scientific, Industrial, Agricultural and Regulatory Applications: A Field Book on Measuring Ecosystem Gas Exchange and Areal Emission Rates. LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, USA, Hard- and Softbound, 331 pp. ISBN:
by permission: Burba, Eddy Covariance Method, Part 1,© Li-Cor, 2013

5. by permission: Burba, Eddy Covariance Method, Part 1, © Li-Cor, 2013
Typical Workflow
Burba, G., Eddy Covariance Method for Scientific, Industrial, Agricultural and Regulatory Applications: A Field Book on Measuring Ecosystem Gas Exchange and Areal Emission Rates. LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, USA, Hard- and Softbound, 331 pp. ISBN:
by permission: Burba, Eddy Covariance Method, Part 1, © Li-Cor, 2013

6. Instrumentation – Sonic Anemometer
Omni-directional Sonic Anemometer
Open-path CO2 / H2O Gas Analyzer
Burba, G., Eddy Covariance Method for Scientific, Industrial, Agricultural and Regulatory Applications: A Field Book on Measuring Ecosystem Gas Exchange and Areal Emission Rates. LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, USA, Hard- and Softbound, 331 pp. ISBN:
by permission: Burba, Eddy Covariance Method, Part 2.2, © Li-Cor, 2013

7. Measurement Principles
Burba, G., and D. Anderson, A Brief Practical Guide to Eddy Covariance Flux Measurements: Principles and Workflow Examples for Scientific and Industrial Applications. LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, USA, Hard- and Softbound, 211 pp. ISBN:
by Permission: Burba & Anderson, Intro to the EC Method, Li-Cor, 2010

8. Importance of Footprint
Footprint – missing color scale which indicates red area has highest influence
Burba, G., Eddy Covariance Method for Scientific, Industrial, Agricultural and Regulatory Applications: A Field Book on Measuring Ecosystem Gas Exchange and Areal Emission Rates. LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, USA, Hard- and Softbound, 331 pp. ISBN:
by permission: Burba, Eddy Covariance Method, Part 2.7, © Li-Cor, 2013

9. Effect of Measurement Height
Burba, G., Eddy Covariance Method for Scientific, Industrial, Agricultural and Regulatory Applications: A Field Book on Measuring Ecosystem Gas Exchange and Areal Emission Rates. LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, USA, Hard- and Softbound, 331 pp. ISBN:
by permission: Burba, Eddy Covariance Method, Part 2.7, © Li-Cor, 2013

10. Effect of Station Height
Burba, G., Eddy Covariance Method for Scientific, Industrial, Agricultural and Regulatory Applications: A Field Book on Measuring Ecosystem Gas Exchange and Areal Emission Rates. LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, USA, Hard- and Softbound, 331 pp. ISBN:
by permission: Burba, Eddy Covariance Method, Part 2.7, © Li-Cor, 2013

11. Instrument Placement – Rules of Thumb
Burba, G., Eddy Covariance Method for Scientific, Industrial, Agricultural, and Regulatory Applications: A Field Book on Measuring Ecosystem Gas Exchange and Areal Emission Rates. LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, NE, USA, 331 pp.
by permission: Burba, Eddy Covariance Method, Part 3.2, © Li-Cor, 2013

12. by permission: Burba, Eddy Covariance Method, Part 1, © Li-Cor, 2013
Practical Formulas
≈ 𝑤 ′ 𝜌 𝑐 ′
Overbar = means; prime=deviation or variance
Burba, G., Eddy Covariance Method for Scientific, Industrial, Agricultural and Regulatory Applications: A Field Book on Measuring Ecosystem Gas Exchange and Areal Emission Rates. LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, USA, Hard- and Softbound, 331 pp. ISBN:
by permission: Burba, Eddy Covariance Method, Part 1, © Li-Cor, 2013

13. Eddy Covariance Flux density: mol/m2/s or J/m2/s
F = ρaws ~ ρa ∙ w′ s ′
𝑠=( 𝜌 𝑐 𝜌 𝑎 )
where s is the mixing ratio of the density of CO2 (ρc) to the density of dry air (ρa)
covariance
term
after Baldocchi, UC Berkley, ESPM 228, Adv. Topics in Micromet & Biomet, Lecture 3,”Micromet Flux Meas.” Methods, slide #6

14. Reynolds Decomposition
ρaws = ( 𝑤 +w′)( 𝑠 + s ′)( ρa +ρa ′)
Flux Averaging Rules
𝑥𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑦 + 𝑥 ′ 𝑦′
𝑥 ′ =0
𝑥+𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑦
after Baldocchi, UC Berkley, ESPM 228, Adv. Topics in Micromet & Biomet, Lecture 3,”Micromet Flux Meas.” Methods, slide #11,12

15. by permission: Burba, Eddy Covariance Method, Part 1, © Li-Corr, 2013
Example of “fast” Data
Burba, G., Eddy Covariance Method for Scientific, Industrial, Agricultural, and Regulatory Applications: A Field Book on Measuring Ecosystem Gas Exchange and Areal Emission Rates. LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, NE, USA, 331 pp.
(red circles)
by permission: Burba, Eddy Covariance Method, Part 1, © Li-Corr, 2013

16. Connecting Tower to Basin Flux Estimates
Determine trunk density
Measure Sap flow flux at several trees
Study allometric relationships between tree size and trunk DBH breast height)
More info: baskar mitra – UA postdoc

17. References
The citation for 2013 Eddy Covariance book (most slides): “Burba, G., Eddy Covariance Method for Scientific, Industrial, Agricultural and Regulatory Applications: A Field Book on Measuring Ecosystem Gas Exchange and Areal Emission Rates. LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, USA, Hard- and Softbound, 331 pp. ISBN: ”
The citation for 2010 Eddy Covariance book (slide 7): “Burba, G., and D. Anderson, A Brief Practical Guide to Eddy Covariance Flux Measurements: Principles and Workflow Examples for Scientific and Industrial Applications. LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, USA, Hard- and Softbound, 211 pp. ISBN: ”