1. 1 What is Ecology?

2. 2 Organisms and Their Environment

3. 3 What is Ecology?? The study of interactions that take place between organisms and their environment.The study of interactions that take place between organisms and their environment. It explains how living organisms affect each other and the world they live in.It explains how living organisms affect each other and the world they live in. The study of interactions that take place between organisms and their environment.The study of interactions that take place between organisms and their environment. It explains how living organisms affect each other and the world they live in.It explains how living organisms affect each other and the world they live in.

4. 4 Habitat & Niche Habitat is the place a plant or animal livesHabitat is the place a plant or animal lives Niche is an organism’s total way of lifeNiche is an organism’s total way of life Habitat is the place a plant or animal livesHabitat is the place a plant or animal lives Niche is an organism’s total way of lifeNiche is an organism’s total way of life

5. 5 The Nonliving Environment Abiotic factors- the nonliving parts of an organism’s environment.Abiotic factors- the nonliving parts of an organism’s environment. Examples include air currents, temperature, moisture, light, and soil.Examples include air currents, temperature, moisture, light, and soil. Abiotic factors affect an organism’s life.Abiotic factors affect an organism’s life. Abiotic factors- the nonliving parts of an organism’s environment.Abiotic factors- the nonliving parts of an organism’s environment. Examples include air currents, temperature, moisture, light, and soil.Examples include air currents, temperature, moisture, light, and soil. Abiotic factors affect an organism’s life.Abiotic factors affect an organism’s life.

6. 6 The Living Environment Biotic factors- all the living organisms that inhabit an environment.Biotic factors- all the living organisms that inhabit an environment. All organisms depend on others directly or indirectly for food, shelter, reproduction, or protection.All organisms depend on others directly or indirectly for food, shelter, reproduction, or protection. Biotic factors- all the living organisms that inhabit an environment.Biotic factors- all the living organisms that inhabit an environment. All organisms depend on others directly or indirectly for food, shelter, reproduction, or protection.All organisms depend on others directly or indirectly for food, shelter, reproduction, or protection.

7. 7 Abiotic or Biotic? Biotic

8. 8 Abiotic

9. 9 Abiotic

10. 10 Abiotic or Biotic? Biotic

11. 11 Levels of Organization

12. 12 What are the Simplest Levels? AtomAtom MoleculeMolecule OrganelleOrganelle CellCell TissueTissue OrganOrgan SystemSystem AtomAtom MoleculeMolecule OrganelleOrganelle CellCell TissueTissue OrganOrgan SystemSystem

13. 13 Levels of Organization Ecologists have organized the interactions an organism takes part in into different levels according to complexity.Ecologists have organized the interactions an organism takes part in into different levels according to complexity.

14. 14 1 st Level of Organization Organism: An individual living thing that is made of cells, uses energy, reproduces, responds, grows, and developsOrganism: An individual living thing that is made of cells, uses energy, reproduces, responds, grows, and develops

15. 15 2 nd Level of Organization Population: A group of organisms, all of the same species, which interbreed and live in the same place at the same time.Population: A group of organisms, all of the same species, which interbreed and live in the same place at the same time.

16. 16 3 rd Level of Organization Biological Community: All the populations of different species that live in the same place at the same time.Biological Community: All the populations of different species that live in the same place at the same time.

17. 17 4 th Level of Organization Ecosystem: Populations of plants and animals that interact with each other in a given area with the abiotic components of that area. (terrestrial or aquatic)Ecosystem: Populations of plants and animals that interact with each other in a given area with the abiotic components of that area. (terrestrial or aquatic)

18. 18 5 th Level of Organization Biosphere: The portion of Earth that supports life.Biosphere: The portion of Earth that supports life.

19. 19 The Biosphere Life is found in air, on land, and in fresh and salt water.Life is found in air, on land, and in fresh and salt water. The BIOSPHERE is the portion of Earth that supports living things.The BIOSPHERE is the portion of Earth that supports living things. Life is found in air, on land, and in fresh and salt water.Life is found in air, on land, and in fresh and salt water. The BIOSPHERE is the portion of Earth that supports living things.The BIOSPHERE is the portion of Earth that supports living things.

20. 20 What level of organization? Organism

21. 21 What level of Organization? Community

22. 22 What level of Organization? Population

23. 23 Energy Flow Through an Ecosystem Food Chains, Food Webs, Energy Pyramids

24. 24 Begins with the SUNBegins with the SUN PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + sunlight & chlorophyll  C6H 12 O 6 + 6O 2

25. 25 PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis Chemical reaction where green plants use water & carbon dioxide to store the sun’s energy in glucoseChemical reaction where green plants use water & carbon dioxide to store the sun’s energy in glucose ENERGY is stored in glucoseENERGY is stored in glucose Glucose is stored as starch in plantsGlucose is stored as starch in plants PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis Chemical reaction where green plants use water & carbon dioxide to store the sun’s energy in glucoseChemical reaction where green plants use water & carbon dioxide to store the sun’s energy in glucose ENERGY is stored in glucoseENERGY is stored in glucose Glucose is stored as starch in plantsGlucose is stored as starch in plants

26. 26 Organisms that can make glucose during photosynthesis are called Organisms that can make glucose during photosynthesis are called PRODUCERS.

27. 27 Producers use most of the energy they make for themselves.

28. 28 Producers use cellular respiration to supply the energy they need to live.

29. 29 CELLULAR RESPIRATION is the chemical reaction that releases the energy in glucose. 6O 2 + C 6 H 12 O 6 --> 6H 2 O + 6CO 2 + energy

30. 30 The energy that is not used by producers can be passed on to organisms that cannot make their own energy.

31. 31 Organisms that cannot make their own energy are called CONSUMERS.

32. 32 Consumers that eat producers to get energy: Are first order (1 st ) or primary consumers Are herbivores (plant- eaters) Are first order (1 st ) or primary consumers Are herbivores (plant- eaters)

33. 33 Most of the energy the primary consumer gets from the producer is used by the consumer.

34. 34 Some of the energy moves into the atmosphere as heat.

35. 35 Some energy in the primary consumer is STORED & not lost to the atmosphere or used by the consumer itself. This energy is available for another consumer (predator).

36. 36 A Consumer that Eats Another Consumer for Energy: Is called a secondary or 2nd order consumerIs called a secondary or 2nd order consumer May be a carnivore or a omnivoreMay be a carnivore or a omnivore May be a predatorMay be a predator May be a scavengerMay be a scavenger

37. 37 Most of the energy the secondary consumer gets from the primary consumer is used by the secondary consumer.

38. 38 Some of the energy is lost as heat, but some energy is stored and can passed on to another consumer.

39. 39 A consumer that eats a consumer that already ate a consumer: Is called a 3rd order or tertiary consumerIs called a 3rd order or tertiary consumer May be a carnivore or a omnivoreMay be a carnivore or a omnivore May be a predatorMay be a predator May be a scavengerMay be a scavenger Is called a 3rd order or tertiary consumerIs called a 3rd order or tertiary consumer May be a carnivore or a omnivoreMay be a carnivore or a omnivore May be a predatorMay be a predator May be a scavengerMay be a scavenger

40. 40 Consumers that eat producers & other consumers Are called omnivoresAre called omnivores Omnivores eat plants and animalsOmnivores eat plants and animals

41. 41 Consumers that hunt & kill other consumers are called predators. The animals that are hunted & killed are called prey.

42. 42 Consumers that eat other dead consumers are called scavengers

43. 43 The transfer of energy from the sun to producer to primary consumer then to higher order consumers can be shown in a FOOD CHAIN.

44. 44 Food Chains Show Available Energy

45. 45 More Food Chains

46. 46 Another way of showing the transfer of energy in an ecosystem is the ENERGY PYRAMID

47. 47 Energy Pyramids Show Amount of available energy decreases for higher consumersAmount of available energy decreases for higher consumers Amount of available energy decreases down the food chainAmount of available energy decreases down the food chain It takes a large number of producers to support a small number of primary consumersIt takes a large number of producers to support a small number of primary consumers It takes a large number of primary consumers to support a small number of secondary consumersIt takes a large number of primary consumers to support a small number of secondary consumers

48. 48

49. 49 Food Webs: Are interconnecte d food chainsAre interconnecte d food chains They show the feeding relationships in an ecosystemThey show the feeding relationships in an ecosystem

50. 50 How Many Chains are in this web?

51. 51 Identify the Producers, Consumers, & Decomposers: Count the Food Chains!