1. Cellular Respiration
concept map

2. Glucose
WORD BANK
1 ATP 2 ATP 36 ATP 4 NADH 1 FADH Electron transport chain Mitochondrion Cytoplasm Fermentation Glycolysis Glucose Pyruvate Lactic acid Kreb's Cycle
2 ATP
Glycolysis
Cytoplasm
Pyruvate
Fermentation
Kreb's Cycle
Lactic acid
Mitochondrion
1 ATP
4 NADH
1 FADH
Electron transport chain
36 ATP

3. Cellular RESPIRATION

4. Cellular Respiration
Where does the Glucose (C6H12O6) & O2 from photosynthesis go?
Used by both plant & animal cells to create ATP!!!
Releases energy
Makes cell energy
Close to the reverse of photosynthesis !
Cellular Respiration Equation
O2 + C6H12O6 → CO2 + H2O + ATP

5. Cellular Respiration 3 step process Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle/Citric Acid Cycle
Electron Transport Chain

6. Step 1: GLYCOLYSIS 2 ATP 2 ADP 4 ADP 4 ATP Glucose 2 - Pyruvate
2 - PGAL
2 NAD
2 NADH
Occurs in Cytoplasm of cell
Anaerobic process (no O2 required)
Net production of 2 ATP (make 4 but use 2)
Releases only 2% of chemical energy that is stored in Glucose

7. Step 2: Krebs Cycle/Citric Acid Cycle
Occurs in Mitochondria Matrix
Requires presence of O2
2 Pyruvate from Glycolysis transformed into Acetyl CoA & enters cycle
Net production of:
2 ATP
2 FADH
6 NADH

8. Step 3 – Electron Transport Chain
Remaining energy of glucose in electrons carried by NADH & FADH
NADH & FADH enter electron transport chain in mitochondria cristae
Produce 32 more ATP
From Alteration of Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA
From Krebs Cycle

9. Summary of Cellular Respiration
CO2
In Cristae
In Matrix
H2O 32 2 2

10. What if there is not enough or no O2 present?
Alcoholic Fermentation (Yeast)
Pyruvate + NADH → Ethanol + NAD + CO2
Used in baking, beer & wine production
Lactic Acid Fermentation (most organisms)
Pyruvate + NADH → Lactic Acid + NAD
Strenuous exercise = can’t get all the O2 your cells need so use lactic acid fermentation = Sore muscles!!!
We will discuss this in more detail later…

12. The story of the little glucose By Mrs. Golenberke
Please enjoy this literary romp of a six-carbon molecule of glucose that, through a series of events, is able to find the power within.
Cellular Respiration: C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP

13. Chapter 1 – Glycolysis
Once upon a time there was a molecule of glucose from a digested peanut butter & jelly sandwich. He was floating around in the cytoplasm of a cell. He was becoming bored and knew he was meant for something bigger than this. It was just then that he came across 2 ATP that changed his life forever. He felt activated. He became so excited that he split in right in half. He jumped up and grabbed 2 NADs floating nearby & put them in his pocket – They got mixed up with some hydrogens he had stuck to some lint and formed NADHs – he knew they would somehow come in handy later. Anyway, they took away some of his exited electrons so he could settle down. But he was feeling better & was eventually able to muster up some extra energy in the form of ATP – two for each half of himself. He felt different, so he decided to change his name to pyruvic acid.

15. Chapter 2 – No Oxygen!
The little glucose was a trendsetter, indeed. Other glucose realized what the two activating ATP could do for them & began following in his footsteps. Soon glucose’s everywhere were getting excited, using NADs to grab extra electrons & make NADHs, & even making a couple of ATP on the side. What could be better? Life was so good that they thought it couldn’t be legal so they changed their names too: to pyruvic acid so that the first glucose would get the blame.
Anyway, the little split glucose was feeling pretty good about himself, having made two ATP and 2 NADHs.
Suddenly, something felt terribly wrong in the cytoplasm. “What could it be?” thought the little split glucose. He felt choked up, like he couldn’t go on. The other glucose’s felt it too. Some tried to get in on the splitting but as soon as they did there was no NAD to grab their extra electrons. All the NADs had electrons in the form of hydrogen attached to them & needed oxygen to take the hydrogen away & make water. They didn’t know what to do so they became losers: lactic acid. They were tired & sore.
But alas, as lactic acid they found that they had the ability to take away the hydrogens from the NADH! More NAD for everyone – glycolysis is saved! Yay!
At that moment the little split glucose was very happy that he was not living in a yeast cell. When yeast cells don’t have enough oxygen & don’t know what to do they just drown their sorrows as alcohol. And they are gassy. And that is just wrong.

17. Chapter 3 – Into the Mitochondrion
Having solved the oxygen problem, the little split glucose (& his groupies) were feeling kind of bold. He thought if they could get this far, who knew what kind of energy he could create? But he knew he was going to have to get out of the small town cytoplasm to do it. So he packed up both of his halves & his NADH & went out into the mitochondrion where there was plenty of oxygen.
Before he went in, he took a deep breath, so deep that he gave off one of his carbons & made carbon dioxide. Now he only has two carbons in each half. They were feeling lonely until they met up with four-carbon compounds that seemed to make them feel as they once did – a six-carbon compound. They were feeling different again, so they changed their name to citric acid.
This new found relationship ended up being a wild & crazy ride. The new friend talked them into joining the “Krebs Cycle” (sounds like a cult to me) & kept giving away their carbons to oxygens to make carbon dioxide! Neither of the halves was able to make much of a living - each only making one ATP. There was soon nothing left of them & only the four-carbon friend remained. She would probably find another split glucose & do the same to them. That’s how they are.
But all was not lost. Through the tumultuous relationship more NADs, & another electron acceptor FAD, were storing up hydrogens like a bank account (which the split glucose’s family kept safe). They were also able to keep the NADH from before the Krebs Cycle & tucked it away for a rainy day.

19. Chapter 4 – The Electron Transport Chain
There is a happy end to this story. Even though in his early days the split glucose was only able to make 2 ATP & in the Krebs Cycle only 2 ATP, they didn’t realize how much their investments in the NADHs & FADHs would pay off. They had stock in a company called “The Electron Transport Chain” which is located in a small suburb of the mitochondrion called cristae. Amazing as it may sound, they were able to earn 32ATP! They were of a giving nature, however, & donated them to a human body so it could run a marathon – which it won. Yay!
The End.

21. Questions: 1. Where does glycolysis take place?
2. Is oxygen present there?
3. How many ATP did it take to begin glycolysis?
4. What was the “net” gain of ATP produced in glycolysis?
5. What is the end product of glycolysis?
6. Why did the split glucose need oxygen?
7. When there was oxygen, where did the end products of glycolysis go?
8. What was given off before the split glucose entered the mitochondrion?
9. With what did the two-carbon compound meet?
10. What was the new six-carbon compound called?
11. What is the name of the cycle they went through?
13. What thing did they give off – that we breathe out?
14. What two things picked up lots of electrons that would be used to make ATP later?
15. What is the name of the thing that helps FADH & NADH give off their electrons to release energy to make ATP?
16. How many ATP (net gain) were made from the splitting of one glucose?