1. PUBLIC SPEAKING: AN OVERVIEW
PARTS OF A SPEECH
INTRODUCTION
- gains audience attention and prepares them for your speech
BODY
- this contains about 75% of your presentation
- it is divided into 3 – 5 main points
- each main point is clearly stated and supported by research and personal information
CONCLUSION
- Reviews your main points and provides closure by ending with strong final statements
(generalizations, salutations, repetition…)
THE DELIVERY OF A SPEECH IS EFFECTIVE
WHEN THE SPEAKER KNOWS THE MATERIAL WELL,
MAINTAINS EYE CONTACT WITH THE AUDIENCE,
USES A VARIETY OF VOCAL CHANGES,
AND APPEARS TO MOVE NATURALLY.

2. THE BASIC SPEECH OUTLINE
I INTRODUCTION
A. ATTENTION GRABBER
B. SIGNIFICANCE
C. CREDIBILITY
D. THESIS STATEMENT
E. PREVIEW
F. TRANSITION INTO YOUR FIRST MAIN POINT
II THE MAIN BODY
A. FIRST MAIN POINT
1. First sub-point and supporting material
2. transition closing main point one and opening main point two
B. SECOND MAIN POINT
2, Second sub-point and supporting material
3. Transition closing second main point and opening main point three
C. THIRD MAIN POINT
2. Transition closing third main point and into conclusion
III CONCLUSION
A. REVIEW OF MAIN POINTS
B. FINAL STATEMENT
IV BIBLIOGRAPHY (List of materials used to construct your speech)

3. TYPES OF SPEECHES ANALYZE YOUR AUDIENCE THE INFORMATIVE SPEECH
- Designed to explain, instruct, define, clarify, demonstrate or teach
THE PERSUASIVE SPEECH
- Designed to influence, convince, motivate, sell a product, or stimulate action
THE EVOCATIVE SPEECH
- entertains, inspires, helps audience to celebrate, or commemorate
IMPROMPTU SPEECH
- you are asked to speak on the spur of the moment with little or no preparation
- you can successfully think of two or three main points on many topics as you make your way to the front of the room
ANALYZE YOUR AUDIENCE
HOW WILL YOU ADDRESS ISSUES SUCH AS AGE, GENDER, ETHNICITY
ANTICIPATE THE REACTION OF YOUR AUDIENCE
CONSIDER YOUR AUDIENCES KNOWLEDGE BASE

4. RESEARCH YOUR TOPIC LOCATE RESEARCH MATERIAL USING:
- library (books, card catalogues and electronic resources)
COMMON SOURCES FOR SPEECH MATERIALS
- print media such as fiction and non-fiction, magazines, journals, newspapers
- electronic media such as databases, video or television, CD or radio
- personal interviews with experts in the field of research (topic-based)
WHEN YOU FEEL YOU HAVE ALL OF YOUR INFORMAITON
- paraphrase lengthy material and use short sentences / quotes
to give your speech more impact

5. SPEECH TOPICS CONCEPT MAPS
MAIN TOPIC ONE
DETERMINE THE PURPOSE OF YOUR SPEECH
MAIN TOPIC TWO
BRAINSTORM THE POSSIBLE RELATED TOPICS
YOU MIGHT BE ABLE TO DISCUSS
MAIN TOPIC THREE
CHOOSE A FAMILIAR SUBJECT TO PRESENT

6. CONCEPT MAPS

7. DELIVERY MODES OF DELIVERY
EXTEMPORANEOUS – brief outline and key terms and quotes
IMPROMPTU – limited prep time, less than five minutes, dynamic
MEMORIZED – planned delivery, convey meaning rather than words
MANUSCRIPT - speaker reads speech (cue cards, precise)
VOCAL DELIVERY SKILLS
Volume – make sure it is appropriate
Rate - speed
Pitch – the highness or the lowness of your voice
Rhythm – speakers use of pace and breaks for impact
Pauses – shows the skill and control of the speaker
Word Emphasis – changing volume/rate pitch/rhythm for emphasis
The Dynamic Speaker – meaning is conveyed in voice of speaker
PHYSICAL DELIVERY
APPEARANCE – dress appropriate and allow your topic to have an influence
MOVEMENT – the more formal the delivery the less movement included
FACIAL EXPRESSIONS – facial expressions should agree with your messages
GESTURES – the larger the room/audience the more animated you can be

8. TYPES OF PRESENTATIONAL AIDS
FLIP CHARTS, POSTER BOARD, BLACKBOARD
SLIDES
OVERHEAD TRANSPARENCIES
PHYSICAL OBJECTS
AUDIO AND VIDEO CLIPS
COMPUTER GENERATED IMAGES

9. INCREASING INTEREST AND UNDERSTANDING
START WITH SIMPLE CONCEPTS AND GRADUALLY BRING UP MORE COMPLEX ONES
AVOID OVERLOOKING THE AUDIENCE WITH TOO MUCH INFORMATION
STAGGER (examples, motivators, humour, stories…)
GIVE YOUR LISTENERS A FRAMEWORK
USE REPETITION…IT IS YOUR FRIEND…

10. PRACTICE COMPLETE ALL REASEARCH AND WRITING
TWO WEEKS BEFORE YOU ARE TO DELIVER
YOUR SPEECH
PRACTICE READING ALOUD
USING AN OUTLINE
AND GRADUALLY REDUCE YOUR OUTLINE
TO A SIMPLE SET OF KEY WORDS
WRITE YOUR KEY WORDS ON 3X5 CUE CARDS
PRACTICE SPEAKING ALOUD FROM YOUR NOTE CARDS

11. FEAR OF PUBLIC SPEAKING IS NORMAL
OVERCOMING FEAR
FEAR OF PUBLIC SPEAKING IS NORMAL
TO ELIMINATE YOUR FEAR
KNOW YOUR TOPIC WELL
- talk about it daily until you’ve delivered your speech
PRACTICE YOUR SPEECH OUT LOUD
- present your final speech for people that you trust
USE RELAXATION TECHNIQUES
- increased heart rate, sweaty palms, dry mouth, blushing, and nausea are all normal physiological effects
- breath deeply, stretch, meditate, use public speaking ‘tricks’
REPLACE YOUR NEGATIVE THOUGHTS WITH POSITIVE ONES
- if you prepare properly there should be
absolutely nothing to worry about

12. HANDOUT: HOW TO CONQUER PUBLIC SPEAKING FEAR BY MORTON C. ORMAN, M.D.
SPEAKING IN PUBLIC IS NOT INHERENTLY STRESSFUL
YOU DON’T HAVE TO BE BRILLIANT OR PERFECT TO SUCCEED
ALL YOU NEED IS TWO OR THREE MAIN POINTS
YOU ALSO NEED A PURPOSE THAT IS RIGHT FOR THE TASK
THE BEST WAY TO SUCCEED IS NOT TO THINK OF YOURSELF
AS A PUBLIC SPEAKER
HUMILITY AND HUMOUR CAN GO A LONG WAY
WHEN YOU SPEAK IN PUBLIC, NOTHING ‘BAD’ CAN EVER HAPPEN
YOU DON’T HAVE TO CONTROL THE BEHAVIOUR OF YOUR AUDIENCE
IN GENERAL, THE MORE YOU PREPARE, THE WORSE YOU WILL DO
YOUR AUDIENCE TRULY WANTS YOU TO SUCCEED