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Carbon Compounds Macromolecules
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Macromolecules Monomers - molecule able to bond in long chains join to form Polymers - many monomers joined together to form a macromolecule
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Macromolecules 4 types that are key to all living things: Proteins, Nucleic Acids, Carbohydrates, and Lipids
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Carbohydrates Monosaccharide Monomer for all carbohydrates
-simple sugars Disaccharides -formed when simple sugars combine
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Polysaccharides many sugars formed when many monosaccharides combine
Starch (made by plants) Cellulose (cell wall) Glycogen (made by animals – stored in the liver)
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Lipids
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Lipids Large C-H molecules with some O that are not soluble in water.
Lipids are nonpolar Made up of Fatty Acids combined with a glycerol molecule.
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Lipids Saturated - carbon chains that have no double bonds
generally solids at room temperature Unsaturated - carbon chains that have at least one double bond generally liquid at room temperature Polyunsaturated - More than 1 double bond
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Proteins contain N along with C, H, and O made up of chains of
amino acids amino group (NH2) and carboxyl group (COOH)
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Amino Acids 20 different amino acids found in nature.
Long chains of amino acids then fold into compact shapes
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Amino Acids Nonessential amino acids – the body can make
Essential amino acids – must obtain through our diet 9 essential amino acids
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Nucleic Acids contain H, O, N, C, and P made up of nucleotides
a sugar, a nitrogen base, and a phosphate group Two Types of Nucleic Acids are DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) RNA (Ribonucleic acid)
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DNA subunits come together to form a Double Helix RNA “twisted ladder”
Single strand copy of DNA used to build proteins
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